Fourche Mountain salamander

The Fourche Mountain salamander (Plethodon fourchensis) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae endemic to the Ouachita Mountains in the central United States. Its natural habitat is temperate forests and it is threatened by habitat loss.

Fourche Mountain salamander
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Urodela
Family: Plethodontidae
Subfamily: Plethodontinae
Genus: Plethodon
Species:
P. fourchensis
Binomial name
Plethodon fourchensis
Duncan & Highton, 1979

Description

The Fourche Mountain salamander has a sturdier body shape than most of the other salamander species in the locality. Its back is black with two rows of irregular grey blotches and a speckling of smaller pale spots. The underside is dark with a few lighter spots and the chin is pale.[2]

Distribution and habitat

The Fourche Mountain salamander only occurs in the Fourche Mountains, the Shut-In Mountains, and the eastern side of Iron Fork Mountain in the Ouachita Mountain range in Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma. It is found in deciduous woodland high in the mountains especially in ravines and on north-facing slopes. It sometimes hybridizes with the Rich Mountain salamander (P. ouachitae) where their ranges overlap on the western side of Fourche Mountain.[3]

Biology

The Fourche Mountain salamander hides in undergrowth and under rocks and logs. It mainly feeds at night on small invertebrates such as insects, spiders, and worms. Between May and September when the weather is hot and dry, it may aestivate underground, emerging to forage during any wet periods that may occur. It probably hibernates between November and March.[3] Little is known of its breeding habits, but they are likely to be similar to the Rich Mountain salamander. The eggs are laid in underground chambers and brooded by the female, no aqueous larval stage exists and direct development takes place into juvenile salamanders. Females may breed in the fall or winter in alternate years.[1][3]

Status

The Fourche Mountain salamander is listed as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Within its range, it is often locally abundant, but its restricted distribution make it susceptible to disturbance and habitat degradation. Some protection is provided because its entire range occurs within the Ouachita National Forest.[1]

gollark: *Apparently* the Python SQLite API doesn't like me mildly abusing it with a convoluted query which returns two rows with the same name.
gollark: Idea: SSDs, but the flash chips are on a rotating platter.
gollark: https://discord.com/channels/346530916832903169/351171126594109455/764502698296868865
gollark: As I said, I was able to [REDACTED] Project MERCIFUL SUNROOF.
gollark: I "just" need to make "it" actually forward messages‽

References
  1. Hammerson, Geoffrey (2004). "Plethodon fourchensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T17631A7215501. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T17631A7215501.en.
  2. "Family: Plethodontidae (Lungless Salamanders): Fourche Mountain Salamander". Herps of Arkansas. Retrieved 2012-09-08.
  3. Anthony, Carl D. (2005). "Plethodon fourchensis". AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 2012-09-06.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.