Fort of Má Ferramenta

The Fort of Má Ferramenta (Portuguese: Forte da Má Ferramenta), near the port of the civil parish of São Mateus da Calheta, municipality of Angra do Heroísmo, along the southern coast of the Portuguese island of Terceira, in the archipelago of the Azores. Located in a dominant position over this coastal stretch of coast that sheltered anchored ships, it was a fortification used as a defence against attacks from pirates and corsairs, that frequented the waters of the mid-Atlantic.[1]

Fort of Má Ferramenta
Forte da Má Ferramenta
Terceira, Central, name=Azores in Portugal
Fort of Má Ferramenta Location of the fort within the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo
Coordinates	38°39′23″N 27°15′58″W
Type	Fort
Site information
Owner	Portuguese Republic
Operator	Junta de Freguesia de São Mateus da Calheta
Open to the public	Public
Site history
Built	16th century
Materials	Basalt

History

The rectangular Fort of Má Ferramenta as pictured by José Rodrigo de Almeida (1830)

The plan of fortification by António Bello de Almeira Jr. and, later, Damião Pego (1881-1882)

It is unclear when the fort was erected, although its design indicates that it followed the plans of engineer Tommaso Benedetto, of the mid-16th century.[2] Therefore, for these reasons, likely remotes the period of the Corregedor of the Azores, Ciprião de Figueiredo e Vasconcelos (around 1581), or later, immediately after the Portuguese Restoration War, in 1640.[2]

With the installation of the Captaincy-General of the Azores, the fort was referred in the following terms (1767):

"Redoubt of Má Ferramenta. Needs a new gate, it has three canon emplacements, three iron canons able, with their good repair, need to stave three and twelve auxiliary gunners."[2][3]

A similar report (Revista aos fortes que defendem a costa da ilha Terceira) by Manoel Correa Branco, writing in 1776, found repairs were necessary at the site:

"...at the guards' barracks, which should be done at appropriate place and the gates' emplacements, which should have been positioned towards the land."[2][4]

During the Liberal Wars (1828-1834), the site continued to be of strategic importance for the Liberal forces of Queen Maria II, which was mapped-out in 1830 by José Rodrigo de Almeida, in his "Colecção de Plantas e Alçados de 32 Fortalezas dos Açores"(Collection of Plans and Elevations of the 32 Fortresses of the Azores) found in the Gabinete de Estudos de Arquitetura e Engenharia Militar (Cabinet for Architectural Studies and Military Engineering) in Lisbon.[2]

A report by Field Marshal Barão de Bastos in 1862, found that the fort "...is in a good state, but requires that its emplacements towards the sea should be raised to a greater height."[2] He observed:

"Its only a barbette, where one finds placed a single 24-calibre piece and deserves to be conserved because this area of two miles to the point of São Diogo do Castello de São João Baptista, crosses effectively its fire with the said point, defending also the light's point and that of Silveira."[2][5]

During the period of the 1880s, around 1883, the Portuguese army was seeking the possibility of collecting stoneworks in many of the forts, since the abandoned forts were being used in the construction of local residences.[2][6]

Around 1939, there were moves to transfer the property from the Army to the Ministry of Finances, yet, by the beginning the Second World War, it was reoccupied: what little remained of this period was a few elements in cement, that by the end of the 21st century had, along with the structure, fallen into ruin.[2]

Architecture

The remains of the eastern walls of the Forte da Má Ferramenta

Ruins of a portion of the western walls of the fortifications

The remains of the old fort are situated in an area called Bravio, lying near the port of São Mateus da Calheta, in the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo, an area of southern Terceira located between the remains of the Fortress of São Mateus da Calheta and mouth of the bay.[2]

The fort was accessed by a staircase that began at the edge of the Royal Road 1 and included an area occupied of little more than an area of approximately 280 square metres (3,000 sq ft).[2] Historically a wall oriented towards the south and east were the primary fortifications, and probably extended around a rectangular area.[2] There are some investigators that suggest that the walls were not rectangular, but rather curvilinear and encircled the early fort.[2]

A bastion-type fortification, its plan evolved from the characteristic 15th century model, consisting of a trapezoidal layout with four canon emplacements and vaulted-ceiling magazine.[2] It later evolved to support a heavy-caliber canon/artillery piece along the barbette, with exterior walls at the level of the embankment (that existing by 1881).[2]

References

Notes

1. Junta Freguesia, ed. (July–December 2010). "Uma História de São Mateus" (PDF) (in Portuguese). São Mateus da Calheta (Azores), Portugal: Junta Freguesia de São Mateus da Calheta. p. 3. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
2. Cruz, Carlos Luís M. C. da (29 September 2013). "Forte da Má Ferramenta" (in Portuguese). Florianópolis (Santa Catarina), Brazil: Fortalezas.org. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
3. José António Júdice (1767)
4. Revista aos Fortes que Defendem a costa da Ilha Terceira - 1776 (in Portuguese), Angra do Heroísmo (Azores), Portugal: IHIT, archived from the original on 27 December 2013, retrieved 3 December 2011
5. Barão de Bastos (1997), p.272.
6. Damião Pego, Tombos dos Fortes da Ilha Terceira

Sources

• "Colecção de todos os fortes da jurisdição da Villa da Praia e da jurisdição da cidade na Ilha Terceira, com a indicação da importância da despesa das obras necessárias em cada um deles (Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino)", Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira (in Portuguese), LI-LII, Angra do Heroísmo (Azores), Portugal: Insituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira, 1993–1994
• "Revista aos Fortes que Defendem a Costa da Ilha Terceira – 1776 (Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino)", Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira (in Portuguese), LVI, Angra do Heroísmo (Azores), Portugal: Insituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira, 1998
• Bastos, Barão de (1997), "Relação dos fortes, Castellos e outros pontos fortificados que devem ser conservados para defeza permanente", Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira (in Portuguese), LV, Angra do Heroísmo (Azores), Portugal: Insituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira, pp. 272–274
• Faria, Manuel Augusto (24–25 May 1997), "Ilha Terceira – Fortaleza do Atlântico: Forte da Má Ferramenta", Diário Insular (in Portuguese), Ponta Delgada (Azores), Portugal
• Júdice, João António (1981), "Revista dos Fortes da Terceira", Arquivo dos Açores (in Portuguese), V (ed. fac-similada de 1883, Ponta Delgada (Azores): University of the Azores, pp. 359–363
• Martins, José Salgado (2007), "Património Edificado da Ilha Terceira: o Passado e o Presente", Atlântida (in Portuguese), LII, p. 20
• Mota, Valdemar (1993–1994), "Fortificação da Ilha Terceira", Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira \volume=LI-LII (in Portuguese), Angra do Heroísmo (Azores), Portugal: Insituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira
• Neves, Carlos; Carvalho, Filipe; Matos, Artur Teodoro de (1992), "Documentação sobre as Fortificações dos Açores existentes nos Arquivos de Lisboa – Catálogo", Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira (in Portuguese), L, Angra do Heroísmo (Azores), Portugal: Insituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira
• Pego, Damião Freire de Bettencourt; Almeida Júnior, António Belo de (1996), "Tombos dos Fortes da Ilha Terceira (Direcção dos Serviços de Engenharia do Exército)", Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira (in Portuguese), LIV, Angra do Heroísmo (Azores), Portugal: Insituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira
• Vieira, Alberto. (1987), "Da poliorcética à fortificação nos Açores: introdução ao estudo do sistema defensivo nos Açores nos séculos XVI-XIX", Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira (in Portuguese), XLV, tomo II, Angra do Heroísmo (Azores), Portugal: Insituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira