Fogo Creole
Fogo Creole is the name given to the variant of Cape Verdean Creole spoken mainly in the Fogo of Cape Verde. It has around 50,000 speakers or nearly 5% of Cape Verdean Creole speakers including the diaspora's second language speakers. It belongs to the Sotavento Creoles branch. The rankings of this form of Cape Verdean Creole is fourth after Santo Antão and ahead of Sal.
Characteristics
Besides the main characteristics of Sotavento Creoles the Fogo Creole has also the following ones:
- The progressive aspect of the present is formed by putting stâ before the verbs: stâ + V.
- The sound that originates from Portuguese /ɐ̃w/ (written ão) is represented by /ɐ̃/ instead of /õ/. Ex. coraçã /koɾɐˈsɐ̃/ instead of coraçõ /koɾɐˈsõ/ “heart”, mã /mɐ̃/ instead of mõ /mõ/ “hand”, razã /ʀɐˈzɐ̃/ instead of razõ /ʀɐˈzõ/ “reason”.
- The sound /l/ switches to /ɾ/ when it is at the end of syllables. Ex. ártu /ˈaɾtu/ instead of áltu /ˈaltu/ “tall”, curpâ /kuɾˈpɐ/ instead of culpâ /kulˈpɐ/ “to blame”, burcã /buɾˈkɐ̃/ instead of vulcõ /vulˈkõ/ “volcano”.
- The sound /ɾ/ disappears when it is at the end of words. Ex.: lugá’ /luˈɡa/ instead of lugár /luˈɡaɾ/ “place”, midjô’ /miˈdʒo/ instead of midjôr /miˈdʒoɾ/ “better”, mudjê’ /muˈdʒe/ instead of mudjêr /muˈdʒeɾ/ “woman”.
- The diphthongs (oral or nasal) are in general pronounced as vowels. Ex.: mã’ /mɒ̃/ instead of mãi /mɐ̃j/ “mother”, nã’ /nɐ̃/ instead of nãu /nɐ̃w/ “no”, pá’ /pɒ/ instead of pái /paj/ “father”, rê’ /re/ instead of rêi /rej/ “king”, tchapê’ /tʃɐˈpe/ instead of tchapêu /tʃɐˈpew/ “hat”.
- The pre-tonic sound /a/ is velarized near labial or velar consonants. Ex.: badjâ “to dance” pronounced [bɒˈdʒɐ], cabêlu “hair” pronounced [kɒˈbelu], catchô’ “dog” pronounced [kɒˈtʃo].
Vocabulary
Grammar
Phonology
Alphabet
gollark: 3x3 is only two (bad) dimensions.
gollark: This counts as a win. It's easy to understand why if you see it in 3D, which you can't in this, muahahaha.
gollark: This is a "3D diagonal", by the way.
gollark: Technically possible but it would look weird.
gollark: That's absolutely not how it would work, and it would be harder to use because of stuff obscuring stuff behind it.
References
External links
- Short story collections in Fogo Creole by Elsie Clews Parsons
- Tenporal Sta Ben: Un Stória di Nho Lobu - children's short story in Fogo Creole and also in English
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.