Fissure

In anatomy, a fissure (Latin fissura, plural fissurae) is a groove, natural division, deep furrow, elongated cleft, or tear in various parts of the body also generally called a sulcus, or in the brain a sulcus.

Types

Brain

Broca's fissure: found in the third left frontal fold of the brain.
Burdach's fissure: connects the brain's insula and the inner surface of the operculum.
Calcarin's fissure: extends from the occipital of the cerebrum to the occipital fissure.
Callosomarginal fissure: found in the medial surface of the cerebrum.
Central sulcus or Rolando's fissure: separates the brain's frontal and parietal lobes.
Clevenger's fissure: found in the inferior temporal lobe of the brain
Collateral fissure: found in the inferior surface of the cerebrum.
Fissure of Bichat: found below the corpus callosum in the cerebellum of the brain.
Fissure of Sylvius: separates the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain from the temporal lobe.
Hippocampal sulcus: a sulcus that extends from the brain's corpus callosum to the tip of the temporal lobe.
Horizontal fissure or Transverse fissure: found between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. Note that a "transverse fissure" can also be found in the liver and lungs.
Medial longitudinal fissure or Longitudinal fissure: which divides the cerebrum into the two hemispheres.
Occipitoparietal fissure: found between the occipital and parietal lobes of the brain.
Wernicke's fissure: separates the brain's temporal and parietal lobes from the occipital lobe.
Zygal fissure: found in the cerebrum.

Liver

Ligamentum teres hepatis fissure
Ligamentum venosum fissure
Portal fissure, found in the under-surface of the liver
Transverse fissure of liver, found in the lower surface of the liver
Umbilical fissure, found in front of the liver

Lung

Azygos fissure, of right lung
Horizontal fissure of right lung
Oblique fissure, of the right and left lungs

Skull

Auricular fissure, found in the temporal bone
Petrotympanic fissure
Pterygomaxillary fissure
Sphenoidal fissure, separates the wings and the body of the sphenoid bone
Superior orbital fissure

Other types

Fissure (dentistry), a break in the tooth enamel
Anal fissure, a break or tear in the skin of the anal canal
Fissure of the nipple, a condition that results from running, breastfeeding and other friction-causing exposures
Fissured tongue, a condition characterized by deep grooves (fissures) in the tongue
Henle's fissure, a fissure in the connective tissue between the muscle fibers of the heart
Palpebral fissure, separates the upper and lower eyelids
Skin fissure, a linear-like cleavage of skin, sometimes defined as extending into the dermis
Ventral median fissure, of the spinal cord

Abnormal fissure

Fissure can also refer to an unnatural tract or ulcer, most commonly found in the anus and called an anal fissure.

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