Finnish Rapid Deployment Force

The Finnish Rapid Deployment Force (FRDF) (Finnish: Suomen Kansainvälinen Valmiusjoukko) is the spearhead international force of the Finnish Defence Forces (FDF). It can also be used for national defence.

Finnish Rapid Deployment Force
Active1996 - present
Country Finland
Branch Finnish Army

Finnish Air Force

Finnish Navy
RoleInternational missions peacekeeping
SizeBattle group
Part ofFinnish Defence Forces International Centre
Garrison/HQPori Brigade, Säkylä, Finland
Motto(s)Näytä hyvältä, tee hyvää! (Finnish for "look good, do good!")
Mascot(s)Crowned, golden lion
EquipmentXA-185 APC, Raisu, RG-32M, XA-360
Commanders
FDF International Centre CommanderColonel Mauri Koskela
Insignia
UniformRapid Deployment Force arch
HeaddressInternational Forces' beret

The force is trained to participate as a part of multinational peacekeeping and "crisis management" operations and can be deployed at short notice.[1]

Although the FRDF is an addition to rather than a replacement for traditional peacekeeping forces, many Finnish peacekeepers have FRDF training, and FRDF soldiers are mostly used as a sort of recruitment pool for international peacekeeping missions, which may consist of a mix of normal reservists, FRDF-trained reservists and professional soldiers (mostly officers).

Formed in 1996, the first battalion became operational in 1998. Elements of the group were first deployed in 1999 as a part of the KFOR operation in Kosovo.[2]

Order of battle

The FRDF currently consists of:[2]

  • A mechanized jäger battalion (Jääkäripataljoona 101) equipped with Sisu Pasi APCs; the term Jäger in Nordic and German military parlance refers to light infantry units
  • A combat engineer battalion (Pioneeripataljoona 102)
  • A CIMIC company
  • A Navy Hämeenmaa class minelayers
  • HQ officers
  • Military observers
  • A brigade-level communications- and command system.
  • 6 F-18C Hornet fighter aircraft and 200-300 personnel from the Finnish Air Force.[3]

Conscript training

Only volunteer conscripts that have passed an entry test and have not yet finished their military service can apply for FRDF training. The test consist of basic physical, intelligence, psychological and English tests.[4] These tests are the same that all FDF conscripts take before selection for NCO training, with the exception of an interview and English language test. As of 2002, all FRDF servicemen are trained to be at least NCOs. The requirements are considered to be nearly as high as those of Army and Navy special forces, such as the Para Jägers and Combat Divers.

About 50% of applicants are accepted every year. Applicants are typically young men (18–20 years old) who have already been assigned a place to complete their mandatory conscript service, but voluntarily want to apply for international training in addition to national defence training. Women can also be accepted, but typically make up less than 10% of trainees. Up to a few dozen servicemen fail to complete their training every year, usually because of poor suitability to the required NCO training, physical problems or general lack of motivation.

After training, servicemen can voluntarily sign a "readiness contract" for one year at a time. This obligates them to, if needed, participate in training for crisis management or peacekeeping operations during that year within a week's notice.[5] In practice, the contract serves as an application for participating in a peacekeeping mission such as KFOR. Most servicemen who complete their training do sign this contract. FRDF-trained reservists are usually given top priority for places in international peacekeeping operations, although normal FDF reservists can apply.

The FRDF service itself does not differ radically from the standard Finnish conscript service. Still, there are key differences:

  • All servicemen are at least trained as NCOs, and serve the maximum amount of conscript service time in the FDF, 347 days. The usual time for conscripts is 165 or 255 days.
  • The first six months of training are basically the same as for all Finnish conscript NCOs or reserve officer candidates. After approximately 6 months, the NCO and reserve officer training is completed and is followed by a 2-month special training period. Some servicemen are trained as medics and vehicle drivers during this period, while others are given special small arms and combat training. This period is followed by a short "group training" phase, a final combat exercise where the national defence training is tested. The conscript training is ended by a three-month international period during which the servicemen often live in base camps simulating those used in international missions. The servicemen train patrolling, checkpoint operation, cooperation with foreign forces, riot control, cordon & search etc.
  • The training usually culminates in an international exercise. These exercises have been organized yearly in Lithuania (Amber Hope), Norway (Battle Griffin) and other countries. FRDF conscripts last participated in the NATO Partnership for Peace multinational exercise Amber Hope 2007.

The main FRDF training site is at Porin Prikaati (Pori Brigade) located in Säkylä, Finland. The core units are trained here, the arms branches varying yearly, with some years placing emphasis on the training of combat engineers and others on infantry, etc.

Additionally, anti-NBC training is given to volunteer FRDF servicemen at the Suojelukoulu in Keuruu.

Amphibious Task Unit

Another training site is Nyland Brigade where the ATU, or Amphibious Task Unit, is trained.[6] The force trained yearly there is about the equivalent of a Coastal jaeger platoon, or 40-50 servicemen. ATU servicemen differ from the Pori Brigade servicemen in that they have already served a part of their conscription service in the Nyland Brigade before applying. ATU applicants have basically the same admission tests as regular FRDF, except that applicants to the ATU also have to go through a swimming test, and are also required to have a B-class driver's licence. The units train separately, but both wear the "Rapid Deployment Force" arch insignia.

The ATU is a joint project with the Swedish Armed Forces, the Swedish forces being trained at the 1st Marine Regiment, with joint exercises held regularly.[7]

The international beret
The golden lion.

The FDF international forces' beret is the standard FDF ground forces' green beret, but instead of wearing a silver pin depicting a roaring lion, the international beret features a roaring golden lion wearing a crown.

Conscripts must earn the golden pin in a "beret mark test" or "beret march", which is an unusually long march/exercise. Upon successful completion, the golden lion is awarded. In UN operations, the standard UN blue beret is used, but in NATO-led operations such as KFOR and ISAF the FRDF beret is used (notably also by peacekeepers who have no conscript FRDF training).

ATU servicemen may wear the Navy or Coastal Jäger beret during conscript training, they do not receive the international beret.[8]

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References
  1. Puolustusvoimat: Koulutus kansainvälisten kriisien hallintaan
  2. Puolustusvoimat: Valmius osallistua
  3. Puolustusvoimat: Ilmavoimat järjestää kansainvälisen ilmapuolustusharjoituksen toukokuussa
  4. Puolustusvoimat: Kansainväliseen koulutukseen valitaan vapaaehtoisia
  5. Puolustusvoimat: Toimintavalmiussitoumus varusmiespalveluksen päätyttyä
  6. http://www.mil.fi/merivoimat/joukot/uudpr/atubroschyr.pdf
  7. http://tietokannat.mil.fi/noblemariner07/content.php?language=fi_FI&page_id=17 Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine>
  8. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-08-25.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

Sources
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