Final topology

In general topology and related areas of mathematics, the final topology (or coinduced,[1] strong, colimit, or inductive topology) on a set , with respect to a family of functions into , is the finest topology on that makes those functions continuous.

The dual notion is the initial topology, which for a given family of functions from a set is the coarsest topology on that makes those functions continuous.

Definition

Given a set and a family of topological spaces with functions

the final topology on is the finest topology such that each

is continuous. Explicitly, the final topology may be described as follows: a subset U of X is open if and only if is open in for each .

Examples

  • The quotient topology is the final topology on the quotient space with respect to the quotient map.
  • The disjoint union is the final topology with respect to the family of canonical injections.
  • More generally, a topological space is coherent with a family of subspaces if it has the final topology coinduced by the inclusion maps.
  • The direct limit of any direct system of spaces and continuous maps is the set-theoretic direct limit together with the final topology determined by the canonical morphisms.
  • Given a family of topologies on a fixed set X, the final topology on X with respect to the functions is the infimum (or meet) of the topologies in the lattice of topologies on X. That is, the final topology τ is the intersection of the topologies .
  • The étalé space of a sheaf is topologized by a final topology.

Properties

A subset of is closed/open if and only if its preimage under fi is closed/open in for each i I.

The final topology on X can be characterized by the following characteristic property: a function from to some space is continuous if and only if is continuous for each i I.

Characteristic property of the final topology

By the universal property of the disjoint union topology we know that given any family of continuous maps fi : Yi X, there is a unique continuous map

If the family of maps fi covers X (i.e. each x in X lies in the image of some fi) then the map f will be a quotient map if and only if X has the final topology determined by the maps fi.

Categorical description

In the language of category theory, the final topology construction can be described as follows. Let Y be a functor from a discrete category J to the category of topological spaces Top that selects the spaces Yi for i in J. Let Δ be the diagonal functor from Top to the functor category TopJ (this functor sends each space X to the constant functor to X). The comma category (Y Δ) is then the category of cones from Y, i.e. objects in (Y Δ) are pairs (X, f) where fi : Yi X is a family of continuous maps to X. If U is the forgetful functor from Top to Set and Δ is the diagonal functor from Set to SetJ then the comma category (UY Δ) is the category of all cones from UY. The final topology construction can then be described as a functor from (UY Δ) to (Y Δ). This functor is left adjoint to the corresponding forgetful functor.

gollark: Aegees.
gollark: WeirdNess™
gollark: They should reclassify thalassa xenos as those.
gollark: I'm attempting to trade my way to sea serpents.
gollark: ′↑′

See also

References

  1. Singh, Tej Bahadur (May 5, 2013). "Elements of Topology". Books.Google.com. CRC Press. Retrieved July 21, 2020.

Sources

  • Willard, Stephen (1970). General Topology. Addison-Wesley Series in Mathematics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Zbl 0205.26601.. (Provides a short, general introduction in section 9 and Exercise 9H)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.