Ferdows

Ferdows (Persian: فردوس‎, also Romanized as Ferdos, Ferdous, and Firdaus; named Toon or Tūn until 1929)[2] is a city and capital of Ferdows County, located in the north of South Khorasan Province in Iran. It is about 345 kilometres (214 mi) south of Mashhad and 200 km northwest of Birjand. At the 2011 census, its population was 28,695, in 8,749 families.[3]

For other uses, see Ferdows (disambiguation).
Ferdows

فردوس
City
[[File:|مدرسه علیا|132px]]
[[File:|مسجد جامع تون|132px]]
Ferdows
Coordinates: 34°01′07″N 58°10′20″E
Country Iran
ProvinceSouth Khorasan
CountyFerdows
BakhshCentral
Elevation
1,293 m (4,242 ft)
Population
 (2016 Census)
 • Total28,695 [1]
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+4:30 (IDST)
Routes Road 91
Websitehttp://ferdows.ir
Ferdows at GEOnet Names Server

After the Khorasan province was divided into 3 provinces, Ferdows County was initially a part of Razavi Khorasan province, but was incorporated within the borders of South Khorasan Province in March 2007.[4]

History
Map of Iran during Abbasid Caliphate. Toon (Ferdows), Qaen and Tabas are the cities indicated in Quhistan (Nowadays South Khorasan Province).
Ferdows'(toun) name on the map 1787
Ferdows'(toon) name on the map 1814

Founded by the Medes, Ferdows is currently a city. It was a large and famous city in ancient days. There is an unproven theory that the town's name in ancient days was "Taban" (or shining; تابان in Persian). In Islamic times it became known as Toon or Tūn, a name retained until 1929, when it was changed to Ferdows.

The first people to inhabit Ferdows were traditionally a group of Sagartians. Toon was a famous and thriving city both before and during the Islamic era, until the raid of the Mongols. It was one of the most prominent cities of Ghohestan, along with Qaen; Nasir Khusraw mentioned Toon as a large city in the 11th century. Toon was plundered and destroyed by the Mongols in 1239. After the Mongol invasion, Toon eventually recovered and became one of the major cities of Ghohestan again. Marco Polo mentioned the south Khorasan region as Toonoqaen, apparently in reference to the two largest cities, Toon and Qaen.[5][6]

Ferdows was still a famous and prosperous city in Khorasan at the beginning of the 20th century and the Municipality of Ferdows, originally formed in 1925 (under the name of Toon), was one of the first Municipalities of Khorasan province.[7] But the city was devastated in a huge earthquake in 1968 and significantly declined thereafter.

Geography

Ferdows is located on the Plateau of Iran, between a desert region (mainly to the south and west) and a mountainous region (especially to the north and east). Most of villages around Ferdows are situated in the mountainous region to the north and northeast. The nearest town, Eslamieh, lies just 3 km northeast. The city lies on the main route from Kerman, Yazd, Bandar Abbas and other southern cities to Mashhad and hosts more than 6 million pilgrims annually on their way to Mashhad.[8] It is also a nexus of several roads converging from different areas of Iran.

Climate

The climate is mild in the spring, hot in the summer, cool and rainy in autumn, and cold in the winter. Being located near deserts, the temperature difference between day and night, and also between summer and winter, is relatively high. The majority of precipitation occurs from mid-autumn to mid-spring. The hottest month is July (mean minimum temperature 21.8 °C, mean maximum temperature 36.6 °C) and the coldest is January (mean minimum temperature -1 °C, mean maximum temperature 10.3 °C)[9]

Climate data for Ferdows, Iran
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 10.3
(50.5)		 12.7
(54.9)		 17.3
(63.1)		 24.7
(76.5)		 30.3
(86.5)		 35.7
(96.3)		 36.6
(97.9)		 35.2
(95.4)		 32.3
(90.1)		 25.8
(78.4)		 18.9
(66.0)		 12.9
(55.2)		 24.4
(75.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.2
(41.4)		 7.5
(45.5)		 12.1
(53.8)		 19.3
(66.7)		 24.9
(76.8)		 30.3
(86.5)		 31.4
(88.5)		 29.5
(85.1)		 25.8
(78.4)		 19.3
(66.7)		 12.7
(54.9)		 7.3
(45.1)		 18.8
(65.8)
Average low °C (°F) −1.0
(30.2)		 0.7
(33.3)		 4.7
(40.5)		 10.5
(50.9)		 14.9
(58.8)		 19.7
(67.5)		 21.8
(71.2)		 19.2
(66.6)		 14.5
(58.1)		 9.3
(48.7)		 4.3
(39.7)		 0.9
(33.6)		 10.0
(50.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 26.0
(1.02)		 28.0
(1.10)		 34.6
(1.36)		 18.2
(0.72)		 5.1
(0.20)		 0.4
(0.02)		 0.1
(0.00)		 0.4
(0.02)		 0.1
(0.00)		 2.4
(0.09)		 6.5
(0.26)		 26.0
(1.02)		 147.8
(5.82)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 mm) 7.0 6.9 8.3 5.2 2.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.2 2.6 6.1 40.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 184 198 223 261 321 358 370 366 322 279 230 185 3,297
Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO)[10]

Main sights
The Religious School of Ferdos, once belonging to Safavid Dynasty
Ferdows Hole-in-the-Rock
Sidi Ferdows Mosque, related to the timurid

Major visitor attractions of Ferdows are:

  • Ferdows Hot Mineral Spring: one of the most important attractions of Ferdows for Iranian and International tourists
  • Ferdows Religious School (belonged to Safavid dynasty)
  • Ferdows Congregation Mosque (Jame' Mosque of Ferdows) (belonged to Seljuk dynasty)
  • Ferdows Hole-in-the-Rock, a natural geological formation
  • Polond Desert, a beautiful desert located 40 kilometers West of Ferdows
  • Ferdows Museum

Products

Ferdows is famous for its high quality Saffron and pomegranate.[11][12]

Emad Nezam Tourism Complex

It is located in the city of Ferdows, launched by remarkable and notable entrepreneur in Iran, Dr MohammadReza Amirhassankhani. He believes in the desert district of Ferdows with beautiful sightseeing and tourist destinations, investing his money there since years ago. The large Complex includes a variety of subsectors:

  • Emad Nezam Traditional Hotel
  • Emad Nezam Scientific, cultural and recreational collection affiliated with Mofid educational complex
  • Emad Nezam Sports Club
  • Emad Nezam Football Academy
  • Mofid Educational Complex
  • Polond Desert Tourism Camp[13]

Notable people
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See also

Notes
  1. https://www.amar.org.ir/english
  2. Ferdows can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3062926" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  3. تعداد جمعیت و خانوار به تفکیک تقسیمات کشوری براساس سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن سال ۱۳۹۵ (in Persian). Retrieved 21 June 2017.
  4. تصویب‌نامه در مورد تقسیمات کشوری راجع به شهرستان فردوس از استان خراسان رضوی‌ (in Persian). Archived from the original on 2007-09-30.
  5. "Ferdows Municipality‌ Website" (in Persian).
  6. "Ferdows Governorship" (in Persian). Archived from the original on 2008-03-19. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
  7. "Ferdows Municipality History Website" (in Persian).
  8. فردوس در حوزه گردشگری باید به صورت ویژه دیده شود (in Persian). Archived from the original on 2011-07-26.
  9. "Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station". Archived from the original on 2011-06-15.
  10. "Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO), Ferdous Station". Archived from the original on 2011-06-15.
  11. "Ferdows, Iran's eastern heaven". PRESS TV. 21 June 2008. Archived from the original on 14 August 2008. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
  12. "Ferdows an Eastern Heaven". Iran Daily. Archived from the original on March 7, 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2009.
  13. "هتل سنتی عمادنظام فردوس". هتل سنتی عمادنظام فردوس.
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