Faucalized voice

Faucalized voice, also called hollow voice[1] or yawny voice, is a vocal quality of speech production characterized by the vertical expansion of the pharyngeal cavity due to the lowering of the larynx. It is termed faucalized because of the stretching of the fauces and visible narrowing of the faucial pillars in the back of the oral cavity. During faucalized voice, the sides of pharynx expand outward and the larynx descends and tilts forward. The term "yawny voice" is appropriate to compare this voice quality to the physiological act of yawning. Its opposite is harsh voice, a vocal quality produced when the pharynx is contracted and the larynx raised. Faucalized voice is not to be confused with breathy voice, which involves relaxed vocal folds, greater velocity of airflow through the glottis and produces a lower pitch sound. Faucalized voice involves the forward tilting of the larynx which stretches the vocal folds and produces a higher pitch sound, despite the increased volume of the pharyngeal cavity.[2]

Faucalized
◌͈
◌͚
(◌ꟸ)
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ꟸ
Unicode (hex)U+A7F8

There is no symbol for faucalized voice in the standard IPA. Diacritics seen in the literature include the linguolabial diacritic ([a̼])[3] or the strong articulation diacritic ([a͈])[2] of the Extensions to the IPA. In the VoQS, the voice-quality symbol for faucalized voice is Vꟸ, though this is normally only placed on a capital vee for "voice".[4] The asterisk, IPA for articulations that do not have existing symbols, could also be used: ⟨◌͙⟩.

Nilotic languages

It is widely accepted that the Bor dialect of the Dinka language (also called Moinyjieng[3]) has two distinct voice qualities: modal voice and breathy voice. The existence of two additional voice qualities, faucalized (or hollow) voice and harsh (or tense) voice, is claimed by linguist Keith Denning among others.[5]

phonationIPAtranslation[3]
modal tɕìt̪diarrhea
breathy tɕì̤t̪go ahead
harsh tɕɛt̪scorpions
faucalized tɕɛ͈t̪to swallow

Faucalized voice and harsh voice denote a contrast between the verbal categories venitive (movement toward the speaker) and itive (movement away from the speaker). Voice quality is also contrastive between singular and plural nouns in Dinka and other Nilotic languages (Nuer and Shilluk), but this relationship is less regular.[2] In the following tables, modal ("hard") vowels contrast with faucalized ("breathy"[6]).[2] Notice that faucalization corresponds with the ventive case and with plural nouns.

Dinkatranslation[7]
ɣɛ́n cɔ̀ˑl më̀t̪I call the boy
ɣɛ́n cò͈ò͈l më̀t̪I call the boy here (direction towards)
ɣɛ́n cɔ́ɔ́l më̀t̪I call the boy away (direction away)
DinkatranslationNuertranslationShilluktranslation[8]
lé͈ˑì͈toothrí͈ŋmeatbàtarm
lêcteethríŋmeatsbä͈́ä͈̀tarms
gollark: hexahedron = cube actually.
gollark: If you directly DM me your freedns access token or something I can make my dynamic DNS thing update A/AAAA records, as I said.
gollark: Oh hypermemetic βeeoids.
gollark: You could do DNAME, I think that might be allowed if extant.
gollark: CNAMEs aren't allowed at helloboi.tk itself due to weird standards.

References
  1. Tucker, A. N., & Bryan, M. A. (1966). Linguistic analysis: the non-Bantu languages of North-Eastern Africa. Published for the International African Institute by the Oxford UP.
  2. Edmondson, J. A., & Esling, J. H. (2006). The valves of the throat and their functioning in tone, vocal register and stress: laryngoscopic case studies. Phonology, 23(2), 157.
  3. Edmondson, J. A., Esling, J. H., Harris, J. G., Martin, D., MD&, E. C. W., & Blackhurst&, L. (2003). The role of the glottic and epiglottic planes in the phonetic qualities of voice in the Bor Dinka language (Sudan) and other phonetic features: a laryngoscopic study.
  4. Ball, M. J., Esling, J., & Dickson, C. (1995). The VoQS system for the transcription of voice quality. Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 25(02), 71-80.
  5. Denning, K. (1989). The diachronic development of phonological voice quality, with special reference to Dinka and the other Nilotic languages. PhD dissertation, Stanford University.
  6. Tucker, A. N., & Bryan, M. A. (1966). Linguistic analysis: the non-Bantu languages of North-Eastern Africa. Published for the International African Institute by the Oxford UP. 403.
  7. Tucker, A. N., & Bryan, M. A. (1966). Linguistic analysis: the non-Bantu languages of North-Eastern Africa. Published for the International African Institute by the Oxford UP. 409.
  8. Tucker, A. N., & Bryan, M. A. (1966). Linguistic analysis: the non-Bantu languages of North-Eastern Africa. Published for the International African Institute by the Oxford UP. 415.
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