Father's Day (United States)

Father's Day is a celebration honoring fathers and celebrating fatherhood, paternal bonds, and the influence of fathers in society. It was first proposed by Sonora Dodd of Spokane, Washington in 1909.[1] It is currently celebrated in the United States annually on the third Sunday in June.[2]

This article is about the holiday in the United States of America. For Father's Day as observed throughout the world, see Father's Day.

Father's Day
Observed by	United States
Type	Commercial
Significance	Honors fathers and fatherhood
Date	Third Sunday in June
2019 date	June 16  (2019-06-16)
2020 date	June 21  (2020-06-21)
2021 date	June 20  (2021-06-20)
2022 date	June 19  (2022-06-19)
Frequency	annual
Related to	Mother's Day

History

Father's Day was inaugurated in the United States in the early 20th century to complement Mother's Day in celebrating fathers, fathering, and fatherhood.

Father's Day was founded in Spokane, Washington at the YMCA in 1910 by Sonora Smart Dodd, who was born in Arkansas.[3] Its first celebration was in the Spokane YMCA on June 19, 1910.[3][4] Her father, the Civil War veteran William Jackson Smart, was a single parent who raised his six children there.[3] After hearing a sermon about Anna Jarvis's Mother's Day at Central Methodist Episcopal Church in 1909, she told her pastor that fathers should have a similar holiday honoring them.[3][5] Although she initially suggested June 5, her father's birthday, the pastors of the Spokane Ministerial Alliance did not have enough time to prepare their sermons, and the celebration was deferred to the third Sunday of June.[6][7]

It did not have much success initially. In the 1920s, Dodd stopped promoting the celebration because she was studying in the Art Institute of Chicago, and it faded into relative obscurity, even in Spokane.[8] In the 1930s Dodd returned to Spokane and started promoting the celebration again, raising awareness at a national level.[9] She had the help of those trade groups that would benefit most from the holiday, for example the manufacturers of ties, tobacco pipes, and any traditional present to fathers.[10] Since 1938 she had the help of the Father's Day Council, founded by the New York Associated Men's Wear Retailers to consolidate and systematize the commercial promotion.[11] Americans resisted the holiday during a few decades, perceiving it as just an attempt by merchants to replicate the commercial success of Mother's Day, and newspapers frequently featured cynical and sarcastic attacks and jokes.[12] But the trade groups did not give up: they kept promoting it and even incorporated the jokes into their adverts, and they eventually succeeded.[13] By the mid-1980s the Father's Council wrote that "(...) [Father's Day] has become a Second Christmas for all the men's gift-oriented industries."[14]

A bill to accord national recognition of the holiday was introduced in Congress in 1913.[15] In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson went to Spokane to speak in a Father's Day celebration[16] and wanted to make it official, but Congress resisted, fearing that it would become commercialized.[17] US President Calvin Coolidge recommended in 1924 that the day be observed by the nation, but stopped short of issuing a national proclamation.[16] Two earlier attempts to formally recognize the holiday had been defeated by Congress.[16][18] In 1957, Maine Senator Margaret Chase Smith wrote a proposal accusing Congress of ignoring fathers for 40 years while honoring mothers, thus "[singling] out just one of our two parents".[18] In 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson issued the first presidential proclamation honoring fathers, designating the third Sunday in June as Father's Day.[17] Six years later, the day was made a permanent national holiday when President Richard Nixon signed it into law in 1972.[2][16][17][18]

In addition to Father's Day, International Men's Day is celebrated in many countries on November 19 for men and boys who are not fathers.

A "Father's Day" service was held on July 5, 1908, in Fairmont, West Virginia, in the Williams Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church South, now known as Central United Methodist Church.[6] Grace Golden Clayton was mourning the loss of her father when, on December 1907, the Monongah Mining Disaster in nearby Monongah killed 361 men, 250 of them fathers, leaving around a thousand fatherless children. Clayton suggested to her pastor Robert Thomas Webb that he should honor all those fathers.[19][20][21] Clayton chose the Sunday nearest to the birthday of her father, Methodist minister Fletcher Golden.

Clayton's event did not have repercussions outside of Fairmont for several reasons, among them: the city was overwhelmed by other events, the celebration was never promoted outside of the town itself and no proclamation was made in the City Council. Also two events overshadowed this event: the celebration of Independence Day July 4, 1908, with 12,000 attendants and several shows including a hot air balloon event, which took over the headlines in the following days, and the death of a 16-year-old girl on July 4. The local church and Council were overwhelmed and they did not even think of promoting the event, and it was not celebrated again for many years. The original sermon was not reproduced in press and it was lost. Finally, Clayton was a quiet person, who never promoted the event or even talked to other persons about it.[19][20][21]

Clayton also may have been inspired by Anna Jarvis' crusade to establish Mother's Day; two months prior, Jarvis had held a celebration for her dead mother in Grafton, West Virginia, a town about 15 miles (24 km) away from Fairmont.

In 1911, Jane Addams proposed a citywide Father's Day in Chicago, but she was turned down.[7]

In 1912, there was a Father's Day celebration in Vancouver, Washington, suggested by Methodist pastor J. J. Berringer of the Irvingtom Methodist Church. They believed mistakenly that they had been the first to celebrate such a day.[6] They followed a 1911 suggestion by the Portland Oregonian.[7]

Harry C. Meek, member of Lions Clubs International, claimed that he had first the idea for Father's Day in 1915.[6][7] Meek claimed that the third Sunday of June was chosen because it was his birthday (it would have been more natural to choose his father's birthday).[7] The Lions Club has named him "Originator of Father's Day".[6] Meek made many efforts to promote Father's Day and make it an official holiday.[6][7]

The U.S. Open golf tournament is scheduled to finish on Father's Day, as was the 2016 NBA Finals. The FireKeepers Casino 400 NASCAR auto race at Michigan International Speedway is sometimes held on Father's Day.

Spelling

In the United States, Dodd used the "Fathers' Day" spelling on her original petition for the holiday,[3] but the spelling "Father's Day" was already used in 1913 when a bill was introduced to the U.S. Congress as the first attempt to establish the holiday,[15] and it was still spelled the same way when its creator was commended in 2008 by the U.S. Congress.[22]

Dates

Year							Father's Day
1910	1938	1966	1994	2022	2050	2078	June 19
1911	1939	1967	1995	2023	2051	2079	June 18
1912	1940	1968	1996	2024	2052	2080	June 16
1913	1941	1969	1997	2025	2053	2081	June 15
1914	1942	1970	1998	2026	2054	2082	June 21
1915	1943	1971	1999	2027	2055	2083	June 20
1916	1944	1972	2000	2028	2056	2084	June 18
1917	1945	1973	2001	2029	2057	2085	June 17
1918	1946	1974	2002	2030	2058	2086	June 16
1919	1947	1975	2003	2031	2059	2087	June 15
1920	1948	1976	2004	2032	2060	2088	June 20
1921	1949	1977	2005	2033	2061	2089	June 19
1922	1950	1978	2006	2034	2062	2090	June 18
1923	1951	1979	2007	2035	2063	2091	June 17
1924	1952	1980	2008	2036	2064	2092	June 15
1925	1953	1981	2009	2037	2065	2093	June 21
1926	1954	1982	2010	2038	2066	2094	June 20
1927	1955	1983	2011	2039	2067	2095	June 19
1928	1956	1984	2012	2040	2068	2096	June 17
1929	1957	1985	2013	2041	2069	2097	June 16
1930	1958	1986	2014	2042	2070	2098	June 15
1931	1959	1987	2015	2043	2071	2099	June 21
1932	1960	1988	2016	2044	2072		June 19
1933	1961	1989	2017	2045	2073		June 18
1934	1962	1990	2018	2046	2074		June 17
1935	1963	1991	2019	2047	2075		June 16
1936	1964	1992	2020	2048	2076		June 21
1937	1965	1993	2021	2049	2077		June 20

See also

• List of films set around Father's Day

References

1. "Father's Day". USA.gov. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014.
2. Schmidt, 1997. pp. 275-276
3. Schmidt, 1997, p. 276.
4. "Father's Day (United States)". University of Kansas Medical Center. Archived from the original on July 1, 2008.
5. Butler, Joey (June 18, 2010). "Father's Day has Methodist ties". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved June 17, 2015. In 1909 in Spokane, Wash., Sonora Smart Dodd listened to a Mother's Day sermon at Central Methodist Episcopal Church. Dodd's own mother had died 11 years earlier, and her father had raised their six children alone. Dodd felt moved to honor her father, and fathers everywhere, with a special day as well. She proposed her idea to local religious leaders, and gained wide acceptance. June 19, 1910, was designated as the first Father's Day, and sermons honoring fathers were presented throughout the city.
6. Myers, 1972, p. 185
7. Larossa, 1997. pp. 172-173
8. Schmidt, 1997. p. 278
9. Schmidt, 1997. p. 279
10. Schmidt, 1997. pp. 275, 283–284, 286, 288, 290, 292
11. Schmidt, 1997. p. 275,288-290
12. Schmidt, 1997. pp. 280–283; Larossa, 1997. p. 174
13. Schmidt, 1997. p. 283–290
14. Schmidt, 1997. p. 286
15. "Father to have his day". The New York Times. October 3, 1913. (...) a bill providing that "The first Sunday in June in each and every year hereafter be designated as Father's Day (...)"
16. Myers, 1972. pp. 186-187
17. "Father's Day – The un-Spokane history of Father's Day", Daily American, June 13, 2007
18. "Father Finally Granted A Day", Nashua Telegraph, part of The Telegraph, June 18, 1977
19. Smith, Vicki (June 15, 2003). "The first Father's Day". The Journal. Retrieved November 7, 2006.
20. Barth, Kelly (June 21, 1987). "First Father's Day service in 1908". Dominion Post. Morgantown, West Virginia. Retrieved November 7, 2006.
21. Reverend D.D. Meighen (June 5, 1908). "The First Father's Day Service occurred in Fairmont, West Virginia, on July 5, 1908, at Williams Memorial Methodist Espiscopal Church". Archived from the original on May 13, 2013. Retrieved September 4, 2010.
22. "H. RES. 1274. Commending Sonora Smart Dodd for her contribution in recognizing the importance of Father's Day and recognizing the important role fathers play in our families" (PDF). Library of Congress. June 12, 2008.

Sources

• Myers, Robert J. (1972). Hallmark Cards, Inc. (ed.). Celebrations: The Complete Book of American Holidays (1st ed.). New York City: Doubleday & Company. pp. 184–187. ISBN 978-0385076777.
• Schmidt, Leigh Eric (1995). Consumer Rites: The Buying & Selling of American Holidays. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691029801.
• Larossa, Ralph (1997). The Modernization of Fatherhood: A Social and Political History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 89–90. ISBN 978-0226469041. Ann Jarvis OR Anna Jarvis mother's day.
• Larossa, Ralph (1997). The Modernization of Fatherhood: A Social and Political History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 170–192. ISBN 978-0226469041.

External links

• Father's Day at Curlie
• President's Father's Day Proclamation, from George W. Bush