Fake news in the Philippines

Fake news in the Philippines has been problematic where social media has played a much greater role in political influence. Following the 2016 Philippine election, Senator Francis Pangilinan filed that there be an inquiry of conduct of social media platforms that allowed for the spreading of fake news.[1] Pangilinan called for penalties for social media platforms that provided the public with false information about his ideas. The news that came out was meant to discredit the opposing party and used social media as an outlet to bring propaganda into the mainstream media.[2]

History

According to media analysts, developing countries such as the Philippines, with the generally new access to social media and democracy, feel the problem of fake news to a larger extent.[3] Facebook is one of the largest platforms being an open website, that works as a booster to sway the opinion of the public due to manufactured stories. While Facebook provides free media sources, it does not provide its users with the access to fact checking websites.[4] Because of this, government authorities call for a tool that will filter out "fake news" to secure the integrity of cyberspace in the Philippines.[1] Rappler, a social news network in the Philippines, investigated online networks of Rodrigo Duterte supporters and discovered that they include fake news, fake accounts, bots and trolls, which Rappler thinks are being used to silence dissent. The creation of fake news, and fake news accounts on social media has been a danger to the political health of the country. According to Kate Lamble and Megha Mohan of BBC news, "What we're seeing on social media again is manufactured reality ... They also create a very real chilling effect against normal people, against journalists (who) are the first targets, and they attack in very personal ways with death threats and rape threats." Journalists are often risking their lives in publishing articles that contest fake news in the Philippines.[5]

The 2016 Filipino election was influenced, in large part, by false information propagated by fake news outlets. By New York Times contributor Miguel Syjuco's account, President Rodrigo Duterte benefited from a disproportionate amount of complimentary fake news compared to his opponents. The pro-Duterte propaganda spread across Filipino social media include fake endorsements from prominent public figures like Pope Francis and Angela Merkel.[6] Duterte's own campaign was responsible for a portion of the misinformation spread during the election; according to a study from Oxford University's Computational Propaganda Research Program, Duterte's campaign paid an estimated $200,000 for dedicated trolls to undermine dissenters and disseminate misinformation in 2016.[7]

An incident was the accusation made by Justice Secretary Vitaliano Aguirre II regarding 2017 Marawi Crisis in which he tagged various opposition senators and other people as masterminds of the attack based on a photo shared through social media and other blog sites which produces fake news.[8] Another government official, Communications Assistant Secretary Margaux "Mocha" Uson has been accused of spreading fake news.[9][10]

The prevalence of fake news in the Philippines have pushed lawmakers to file laws to combat it, like criminalizing its dissemination.[11][12] The Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines strongly opposes the spread of fake news as a sin, and published a list of fake news websites.[13][14]

List of fake news websites

URLs are included in this section for sites that are now down or defunct for historical purposes and to aid disinformation researchers.

Name	URL	Notes	Sources
24Seven Daily News	24sevendailynews.com	Cybersquatted.	[15]
360 News Live	www.360news.live	Domain expired	[16]
About Du30	aboutdu30.info	Cybersquatted.	[17]
Ako'y Pilipino	akoy-pilipino.blogspot.com		[15]
Aksyon.tv	aksyon.tv	Contains false information and clickbait headline. Imitates AksyonTV, now One Sports. Now down.
Al Jazeera News TV	aljazeeranews-tv.com	Masquerades as Al Jazeera. Legitimate url is https://www.aljazeera.com	[18]
All Things Pinoy (defunct)	allthingspinoy.com	"www.allthingspinoy.com does not make any warranties about the completeness, reliability and accuracy of this information.". Now down.	[19][20][15]
Angat Pilipino	angatpilipino.info	404 error	[21]
Asian Policy Press	asianpolicy.press	"...The owner of this blog makes no representations as to the accuracy or completeness of any information on this website...". Down again with 404 error.	[19][15]
Asenso Pinoy	asensopinoy.info	Front page blank, contains JavaScript.	[22][23]
Astig Tayo Pinoy	astigtayopinoy.altervista.org	Account suspended	[24]
Bacolod.altervista.org	bacolod.altervista.org	Account suspended	[25]
Balita Online	balitaonline.xyz		[17]
Balitang Panglahat	balitangpanglahat.info	Domain parked/cybersquatted	[26]
Balitang Pinoy	balitangpinoy.ga	404 error	[27]
Blog di du30	du30.altervista.org	Site is up, but front page is an empty blog.	[25]
Blog di pinoypolitics	pinoypolitics.altervista.org	Biggest traffic generators on social media: Pinoy Republic, Pres. Rody Duterte News Global and Pilipinas Trending. Account suspended.	[28]
Breaking News	latestnewz.xyz	404 Error	[17]
Breaking BBC	breaking-bbc.co.uk	Masquerades as BBC. Proper URL is https://www.bbc.com. Domain suspended.	[21]
Breezy Network	breezynetwork.info	Down	[29]
Caster Ph	casterph.xyz	404 error	[17]
Citizen Express	citizenexpress.today		[30]
Classified Trends	classifiedtrends.net	Down. Contains JavaScript.	[19][31][15]
Cnn Channel	cnn-channel.com	Masquerades as CNN. Legitimate URLs are cnn.com, edition.cnn.com (for CNN International), and cnnphilippines.com. Down.	[21]
Dailyartikulo	dailyartikulo.info	Traffic largely from The Filipino News, Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos and The News Wire social media accounts. Same blog template and theme as DailyInsights.	[32]
Daily Filipino	dailyfilipino.altervista.org		[15]
Daily Filipinews	dailyfilipinews.blogspot.com	Empty.	[15]
DailyInsights	dailyinsights.today	Same blog template and theme as Dailyartikulo.	[33]
The Daily Sentry	thedailysentry.net	Publishes false and misleading news constantly. Has disclaimer: "The Daily Sentry does not make any warranties about the completeness, reliability and accuracy of this information."	[34][35][36][37][38][39][32]
Daily Viral Hub	dailyviralhub.altervista.org	Biggest traffic generators: Facebook pages Marcos Loyalist, Exclusive DDS Marcos the 3rd Force, and BongBong Marcos United. Wordpress error.	[40]
Dakila.info	dakila.info	Now a furniture spam blog.	[41]
DDS Files	ddsfiles.xyz	Down	[42][43]
Dedma Lang	dedma.com	Front page now empty. Domain still up.	[25]
Definitely Filipino	definitelyfilipino.com news.definitelyfilipino.net balita.definitelyfilipino.com buzz.definitelyfilipino.com buzz.definitelyfilipino.net	No About Us, no Contact Us.	[19][15]
Dugong Maharlika	dugongmaharlika.com	Front page blank, has JavaScript	[20]
Du30 Gov	du30gov.com	Biggest traffic generators on social media: President Rody Duterte – Federal Movement International, Bongbong Marcos Loyalists Movement_Official Group and Marcos Loyalist. Down.	[44]
Du30 News	du30newsinfo.com	Domain expired	[25]
Du30 Today	du30today.com	Cybersquatted	[21]
Dutertards	dutertards.info	Down	[24]
Duterte Community	du30community.info	Biggest social media traffic generators: President Duterte Worldwide Supporters, President Duterte Astig Supporters and Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos. Down.	[45][46]
Duterte Defender	dutertedefender.com	Cybersquatted	[21]
Duterte Express	du30express.site	Down	[47]
Duterte Federal	dutertefederal.info	Biggest traffic generators on social media: Silent No More PH, Duterte Worldwide Supporters and President RodyDuterte – Federal Movement International. Down.	[48]
Duterte News	dutertenews.com (blank w/ JavaScript) du30news.com (squatted) du30news.net (down) www.dutertenewswatch.com (down) du3onews.info (down)		[31][17]
Duterte News Blog	du30newsblog.blogspot.com		[31]
Duterte News Info	du30newsinfo.com	Contains fake articles and satirical news passed off as real news. Publishes fake articles about Rodrigo Duterte's critics. Cybersquatted.	[31]
Duterte Trending News	dutertetrendingnews.blogspot.com		[15]
Dutertepilipinas.info	dutertepilipinas.info	Biggest social media traffic generators: Inday Sara Duterte Supporters, President Rodrigo Duterte and Duterte Warriors.	[49]
Duterte Trend	dutertetrend.info	Domain expired	[25]
Dutrending	dutrending.info	Largest traffic generators: Facebook pages DU30 Trending News, Duterte Worldwide Supporters and Alan Peter Cayetano Supporters International. Down.	[24][50]
DW-TV3	dw-tv3.com	Imitates Deutsche Welle. Now cybersquatted.	[51]
Dyaryo	www.dyaryo.net	Down.	[31]
Media ni Duterte	dutertedefender.com (cybersquatted) lugto.com (up)		[31]
Earning Mania	earningmania.com	Mimics the design of the official ABS-CBN News website (news.abs-cbn.com), complete with the logo of ABS-CBN. It also contains false information to get Bitcoin cash. No about or contact information and domain is now suspended.
Federalism PH	jazznews.top	Biggest traffic generator from social media: Facebook page Philippine Trending News. Down.	[52]
Extreme Readers	extremereaders.com	404	[31]
FilipiNews PH	filipinewsph.net	"FilipiNews PH does not make any warranties about the completeness, reliability and accuracy of this information.". Now down.	[19][31][53][15]
FilipiNews	filipinews.info filipinews.com	Down.	[15][21]
France 24 TV	France24-tv.com	Cybersquatted; imitates France 24 (france24.com)	[25]
Global News	globalnews.favradio.fm	Reverted to favradio.fm hosting	[25]
GMA TV	gma-tv.com	Imitates GMA 7. Some false stories released by this fake news website included the alleged photos of a gunman captured by CCTV camera during the 2017 Resorts World Manila attack, supposed plan to establish a Nickelodeon theme park in Coron by the Department of Tourism, and the purported criticism of NASA by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission and Jubilee for threatening to boycott the August elections.[54] Now Down.	[55]
Go For Win	goforwin.info		[24]
Good News Network Philippines	goodnewsnetworkph.com	Exploits the name of GNN, now One Media Network. Now down. Mocha Uson made a callout to follow its Facebook page as "a true alternative for the good news released by the Duterte Admin" in February 2018.[56] Biggest traffic generators: pro-Duterte Facebook page managed by Mocha Uson, Mocha Uson Blog, President Rody Duterte Facebook Army and Team Duterte for Federalism.	[57][58][59][60][61][62]
Good News Today	goodnewstoday.d30.club	Biggest traffic generators from social media: Marcos Defenders Worldwide Unlimited and Rody R. Duterte Movement Universal	[63]
Gossip Diary	gossipdiary.com	Biggest traffic generators on social media: President Rody Duterte – Federal Movement International, Marcos Loyalist and Alan Peter Cayetano Supporters International	[64]
GRPundit	grpshorts.blogspot.com		[15]
Hot News Philippines	hotnewsphil.blogspot.com		[31]
I Am Pilipino	www.iampilipino.com		[31]
International Latest Updates	internationallatestupdates.blogspot.com	Redirect from trendingnewsphfile.net.	[31]
Kabalita Ka	kabalitaka.blogspot.com	Biggest traffic generators on social media: Marcos Loyalist and President Rody Duterte Facebook Army	[65]
Kalye Pinoy	kalyepinoy.com	Now Down/Under Construction.	[31][53]
Kanto News PH	kantonewsph.xyz kantonewsph.info	Biggest traffic generators on social media: Facebook pages President Rody Duterte – Federal Movement International, President Duterte Worldwide Supporters and President Duterte Astig Supporters.	[66][17][24]
Latest Duterte News	latestdutertenews.altervista.org	Account suspended	[25]
Leak News PH	www.leaknewsph.com		[31]
Local Hero	localhero.altervista.org	Account suspended	[25]
Maharlika News	www.maharlikanews.com		[20]
Makibalita	makibalita.info		[67]
Media Curious	mediacurious.com		[21]
Media Ph	mediaph.info	Biggest traffic generator: Facebook page Sara Duterte Solid Warriors	[68]
Minda Nation	mindanation.com	Owned by Carlos Munda	[69]
My News TV	mynewstv.newsgenic.com	Exploits the name of GMA News TV. Down	[15]
My Prosper	my-prosper.press		[70]
Nagbabagang Balita	nagbabagangbalita.info		[71]
Napankamkumametbeewan.info	napankamkumametbeewan.info		[67][71]
Net Citizen	netcitizen.co		[21]
Netizens PH	www.maharlikanews.com	Down	[69]
News 8 Bureau	globalnews.favradio.fm		[15]
News Center Ph	newscenterph.info	Traffic largely generated by Facebook pages President Rody Duterte – Federal Movement International, Marcos Loyalist, BongBong Marcos United, The Filipino News, Pinas Citizen and News Wire PH.	[72][37][73]
News Feed Society	www.newsfeedsociety.tk		[31]
News Global	newsglobal.top	Now redirects to www.pinoyhopes.info	[33]
News Info Learn	newsinfolearn.com	"...www.newsinfolearn.com does not make any warranties about the completeness, reliability and accuracy of this information...". Now down.	[19][15]
News Media PH	newsmediaph.com	No about Us.	[31]
Newspaper Ph	newspaperph.com	Domain parked/cybersquatted	[25]
News Titans	newstitans.com		[31]
News TV	newstv.tulfonews.com	Exploits the name of GMA News TV. Down.	[15]
News TV5	newstv5.com	Masquerades as the legitimate https://news.tv5.com.ph, domain expired	[25]
Newz Flash	newzflash.info		[24]
Newsbite.top	newsbite.top	Biggest traffic generators on social media: President Rody Duterte – Federal Movement International, Marcos Loyalist and We Support Duterte Administration	[74]
Okd2.com	okd2.com	Lied in About Us about being a research project by De La Salle University – Dasmariñas. DLSU Das Dasmariñas disowned the site. Contains annoying popups.	[25]
Online Balita	onelinebalita.xyz		[17]
Philippine News Blog	ilikeyouquotes.blogspot.com		[31]
Philippine News Courier	philnewscourier.blogspot.com	associated with Facebook page "Philippine News Courier."	[15][25]
Philippine News Portal	www.philnewsportal.com		[31]
Philnewstrend	dakilanglahi.info		[21]
Philstar.i-telecast.com	Philstar.i-telecast.com	Imitates the website of The Philippine Star. Now down.	[51]
Phnewspride	Phnewspride.blogspot.com		[25]
Pilipinas News	fullnewsph.xyz	Translated term was Balita sa Pilipinas. It is not to be confused with Balita Pilipinas, a defunct news program of GMA News TV.	[75]
Pilipinas Online Updates	www.pilipinasonlineupdates.com	Takes some of its articles from Balitang Pinas. "Pilipinas Online Updates makes no representations, warranties, or assurances as to the accuracy, currency or completeness of the content contain (sic) onthis website or any sites linked to this site"	[53]
Pinoy Hopes	pinoyhopes.info	Redirected from newsglobal.top	[33]
Pinoy News	pinoynews.info		[45][24][33]
Pinas News Portal	pinasnewsportal.blogspot.com		[15]
Pinoy Freedom Wall	pinoyfreedomwall.com		[31]
Pinoy News Blogger	pinoynewsblogger.blogspot.com		[31]
Pinoy Speak	pinoyspeak.info	Posts satirical articles and passes them off as real news.	[31]
Pinoy Viral Issues	pinoyviralissues.net	Down.	[15]
Pinoy World	pinoyworld.net	Down.	[15]
PRRD News	phppoliticsnews.blogspot.com		[31]
Pinoy Observer	pinoyobserver.com	Front page is blank, but full of JavaScript. Triggers anti-virus malware warning.	[25]
Pinoy Thinking	pinoythinking.info		[21]
Pinoy Trending	pinoytrending.altervista.org	No about us, contact info.	[19][53]
Pinoy Trending News	pinoytrendingnews.net pinoytrendingnewsph.blogspot.com pinoytrending.altervista.org	"...Information on this site may contain errors and inaccuracies..."	[19][53][15]
Pinoy Viral Issues	pinoyviralissues.net		[31]
PRRD News Tambayan	dds-tambayan.info	Biggest traffic generator: Alan Peter Cayetano Supporters International social media page	[76]
Public Trending	publictrending.net (down) publictrending.news pinoytrending.altervista.org	"...The owner of this blog makes no representations as to the accuracy or completeness of any information on this site or found by following any link on this site."	[19][15]
QWAZK	qwazk.blogspot.com		[31]
So Whats News	sowhatsnews.wordpress.com	Satirical news site	[77]
Socialcastph.info	socialcastph.info	Biggest traffic generator pages from social media: President Rodrigo Duterte, Marcos Loyalist and Alan Peter Cayetano Supporters International	[78]
Social News PH	www.socialnewsph.com	Connected to the Facebook pages SNP – Social News Philippines and President Duterte Random Photos. "...does not give assurances as to the accuracy, completeness and currency of its content..." Now down.	[31]
Taho News	tahonews.com		[31]
Tartey Viral	tartey.com	Contains articles obtained from News Trend PH, which also publishes fake news. No About US, no Contact Us. "makes no representations, warranties, or assurances as to the accuracy or completeness of the content"	[31]
Telegraph TV	telegraph-tv.com	Imitates British newspaper The Telegraph (telegraph.co.uk). Now cybersquatted.	[25]
Tatak Du30	tatakdu30.info		[24]
The News Feeder	thenewsfeeder.net		[15]
The Volatilian	thevolatilian.com		[31]
Thinker Vlog	thinkervlog.top		[46]
Thinking Pinoys	thinkingpinoys.info	Imitates RJ Nieto's website, Thinking Pinoy. Now cybersquatted.	[25]
Thinking Pinoy	thinkingpinoy.net thinkingpinoynews.info	Opinion blog founded by RJ Nieto. Nieto has posted misinformation and disinformation multiple times.	[79][69]
Today in Manila	todayinmanila.ga	No About Us, no Contact Us. Now down.	[19][15]
Today's Broadcast	todaysbroadcast.net	Currently empty page.	[15]
Todays Top News	todaystopnews.xyz		[17]
Trending Balita	trendingbalita.info	Now Down/Under Construction.	[31]
Trending News Portal	tnp.ph trendingnewsportal.com trendingnewsportal.net trendingnewsportal.net.ph trendingnewsportal.blogspot.com trendingnewsportal-ph.blogspot.com tnp.today	"Trending News Portal makes no representations, warranties, or assurances as to the accuracy, currency or completenesss of the content contain on this website or and sites linked to this site". Changed URLs multiple times. Frequently shared by Mocha Uson on her Facebook page Mocha Uson Blog.[80] Run by Twinmark Media Enterprises, whose entire network of pages was banned by Facebook in January 2019 for spammy practices and "coordinated inauthentic behavior". 220 Facebook pages, 73 Facebook accounts and 29 Instagram accounts were removed.[81][82]	[19][31][80]
Tomorrow Economy	www.tomorrow-economy.com	Blatantly imitates the Manila Times website. Same article as Earning Mania.
Trending Balita	trendingbalita.info	Now Down/Under Construction.	[31]
Trending News Video	trendingnewsvideo.com	Down.	[15]
Trending Topics	trendingtopics.altervista.org	Suspended.	[15]
Trending Viral	trendingviral.tk	"The owner of this blog makes no representations as to the accuracy or completeness of any information on this site.... will not be liable for any errors or omissions in this information nor the availability of this information...". Now down.	[19][15]
TV CNN	tv-cnn.com	Masquerades as CNN. Legitimate URLs are cnn.com, edition.cnn.com (for CNN International), and cnnphilippines.com	[21]
Unang Hirit	unanghirit.info	Imitates the GMA Network morning news program of the same name. Domain expired.	[67]
Update.ph	update.ph		[15]
Updated Tayo	updatetayo.info		[83]
Verified Philippines	verifiedph.blogspot.com		[15]
Viral Duterte News	balitangtotoo.xyz	Traffic generated by Facebook groups President Rodrigo Duterte Facebook Army, Inday Sara Duterte Supporters and President Rody Duterte – Federal Movement International	[84]
Viral Portal	viralportal.ml		[15]
World Trends	worldstrends.info		[26]
XOLXOL	xolxol.ph		[53]

Reactions

Fake news sites have become rampant for Philippine audiences, especially being shared on social media.[85] Politicians have started filing laws to combat fake news[86][11] and three Senate hearings have been held on the topic.[87][88][89]

The Catholic Church in the Philippines has also released a missive speaking out against it.[90]

Vera Files research at the end of 2017 and 2018 show that the most shared fake news in the Philippines appeared to benefit 2 people the most: President Rodrigo Duterte (as well as his allies) and politician Bongbong Marcos, with the most viral news driven by shares on networks of Facebook pages.[18] Most Philippine audience Facebook pages and groups spreading online disinformation also bear "Duterte", "Marcos" or "News" in their names and are pro-Duterte.[45] Online disinformation in the Philippines is overwhelmingly political as well, with most attacking groups or individuals critical of the Duterte administration.[91] Many Philippine-audience fake news websites also appear to be controlled by the same operators as they share common Google Adsense and Google Analytics IDs.[45]

According to media scholar Jonathan Corpus Ong, Duterte's presidential campaign is regarded as the patient zero in the current era of disinformation, having preceded widespread global coverage of the Cambridge Analytica scandal and Russian trolls.[92] Fake news is so established and severe in the Philippines that Facebook's Global Politics and Government Outreach Director Katie Harbath also calls it "patient zero"[93] in the global misinformation epidemic, having happened before Brexit, the Trump nomination and the 2016 US Elections.[94]

References

1. Javier, Kristian. "Pangilinan Wants Facebook Penalized over Fake News". philstar.com. Retrieved June 2, 2017.
2. Javier, Kristian. "LP: Social Media Being Used to Legitimize 'fake News'". philstar.com. Retrieved June 2, 2017.
3. Mozur, Paul; Scott, Mark. "Fake News in U.S. Election? Elsewhere, That's Nothing New". The New York Times. Retrieved June 2, 2017.
4. Mozur, Paul; Scott, Mark (November 17, 2016). "Fake News in U.S. Election? Elsewhere, That's Nothing New". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
5. BBC. "Trolls and triumph: a digital battle in the Philippines". bbc.com. Retrieved June 2, 2017.
6. Syjuco, Miguel (October 2017). "Fake News Floods the Philippines". The New York Times.
7. Bradshaw, Samantha; Howard, Philip N. (Winter 2017). "Troops, Trolls, and Trouble Makers: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation" (PDF). Oxford Computational Propaganda Research Project: 21 – via Oxford University.
8. Ramos, Marlon. "Did Justice Secretary Aguirre fall for fake news?". newsinfo.inquirer.net. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
9. News, ABS-CBN. "Trillanes sues Uson for spreading 'news' on alleged bank accounts".
10. "Asec Mocha Uson herself spreads fake news, says Nancy Binay".
11. Santos, Eimor (June 22, 2017). "Bill filed vs. fake news: Up to ₱10M fine, 10-year jail time for erring public officials". CNN Philippines.
12. Elemia, Camille (June 22, 2017). "Senate bill seeks jail time for gov't officials spreading fake news". CNN Philippines.
13. Bajo, Anna Felicia (June 23, 2017). "CBCP calls on faithful to help stop the spread of fake news". GMA News. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
14. Bondoc, Marlly Rome (June 27, 2017). "CBCP releases list of fake news sites". GMA News. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
15. "More 'fake news' sites blacklisted by NUJP, CMFR". GMA News Online. December 7, 2017.
16. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Shark swimming in 'Mariking' river FAKE NEWS". Vera Files. July 29, 2018.
17. "Tip of the iceberg: Tracing the network of spammy pages in Facebook takedown". Rappler. October 27, 2018.
18. "VERA FILES YEARENDER: Who benefited most from fake news, and other questions, answered in three charts". Vera Files. December 22, 2017.
19. "Knowing Your Source: Think Before You Click". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
20. Ramos, Marlon. "Did Justice Secretary Aguirre fall for fake news?". Retrieved August 4, 2017.
21. Bueno, Anna (October 12, 2017). "The anatomy of 'fake news'". CNN Philippines.
22. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Kris Aquino DID NOT wear Marcos jewelry to Hollywood film premiere". August 21, 2018.
23. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Website revives twice-flagged FAKE report on Duterte and ICC". Vera Files. July 26, 2018.
24. Bueza, Michael (October 23, 2018). "LIST: False news shared by PH-based pages taken down by Facebook". Rappler.
25. "Fake news sites to be aware of this 2018". Meme Buster. February 16, 2018.
26. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Rape video of OFW in Middle East FAKE NEWS". August 9, 2018.
27. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Reviving old report, website FAKES content of pope's letter to Duterte". Vera Files. July 25, 2018.
28. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Story claiming Marcos won poll case vs Robredo FAKE". Vera Files. April 27, 2018.
29. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Bato Dela Rosa 'murder' at BuCor a HOAX". Vera Files. July 12, 2018.
30. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Claim of media not reporting London anti-Robredo protest false". Vera Files. April 20, 2018.
31. "Spotted: Dubious "News" Sites That Deserve a Prize for Creativity". Spot.ph. Spot.ph. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
32. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Websites publish OUTDATED, MISLEADING reports about FVR theory on Ninoy Aquino's death". Vera Files. August 27, 2018.
33. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Kuwait DID NOT get on its knees to ask forgiveness from Duterte after diplomatic row". Vera Files. May 3, 2018.
34. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Story claiming Robredo loses post to Marcos in vote recount NOT TRUE". Vera Files. May 10, 2018.
35. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Report claiming 'new evidence' of fraud in 2016 polls MISLEADING". Vera Files. August 3, 2018.
36. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Report claiming US intel officer said Marcos lost 1.7M votes in 2016 FALSE". Vera Files. August 7, 2018.
37. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Reports rehashing claims Robredo got 8,700 ghost votes in 2016 FALSE". Vera Files. August 8, 2018.
38. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Online post twists COA findings on CHR". Vera Files. August 13, 2018.
39. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Recycled online post SKEWS former CBCP president's statement on 'homily abuse'". Vera Files. November 17, 2018.
40. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Alejano to have Duterte arrested for drug war untrue". Vera Files. April 18, 2018.
41. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Report claiming Robredo and Roxas have left LP NOT TRUE". Vera Files. November 1, 2018.
42. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Customs chief 'dismissal' over missed P6.8B illegal drug shipment FAKE NEWS". Vera Files. August 20, 2018.
43. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Website recycles FALSE CLAIM on 'new MRT trains' under Duterte admin". Vera Files. August 16, 2018.
44. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Report claiming Drilon and Pangilinan LP presidential bets for 2022 not true". Vera Files. April 24, 2018.
45. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK YEARENDER: Ads reveal links between websites producing fake news". Vera Files. December 30, 2018.
46. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Online post about Robredo urging EU to investigate Duterte MISLEADING". Vera Files. April 26, 2018.
47. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Sen. Bam Aquino never claimed to be 'principal author' of free education bill". Vera Files. April 17, 2018.
48. "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Online post about Duterte 'rejecting' Robredo's proposal to 'legalize' drugs rehashed, FAKE NEWS". Vera Files. May 29, 2018.
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