Euthydikos Kore

The Euthydikos Kore is a late archaic, Parian marble statue of the kore type, c 490-480 BCE [1], that once stood amongst the akropolis votive sculptures. It was destroyed during the Persian invasion of 480 BCE and found in the Perserschutt[2]. It is named after the dedication on the base of the sculpture, “Euthydikos son of Thaliarchos dedicated [me]” [3]. It now stands in the Acropolis Museum[4].

Euthydikos Kore. Photographed by Frédéric Boissonnas, 1919.

The surviving statue consists of two parts; the upper torso and head and the lower legs, feet and base, with the middle missing. The complete statue would have stood at 1.28m. The upper part was found in 1882 east of the Parthenon and the lower part in 1886-7 near the Erechtheion that the two pieces were related was a connection made by Winter[5]. The figure stands with left leg advanced (“almost like a kouros” [6]). Her right forearm, now missing, would have been raised. She wears a chiton and a short Ionic himation draped from the right shoulder. The himation was once decorated with figured bands which Winter decerns as depicting two four-horse chariots. She also wears a taenia wound twice around the head. The eyes are heavy-lidded with both Lacrimal caruncle and canthus indicated. The lips are full, but with corners turning down and no archaic smile[7]. In the ears both tragus and antitragus are present. The throat and collarbone are both lightly indicated. The metatarsals are depicted on the sculpture’s bare feet.

Stylistically the statue marks the transition from the late archaic to the Severe Style. Described by Jeffry Hurwit as an early classical statue in archaic dress[8], the Euthydikos kore exhibits a sense of volume and structure under the drapery that was novel[9]. Since she is perhaps the last in the series of akropolis korai and represents the beginning of the new style, the dating of the statue is of some significance. As stated the bust was taken from a trench dug to the east of the Parthenon by Evstratiadis in 1882, though the stratigraphy of this trench had been compromised the layer in which the kore was found in was taken to be the Perserschutt. However, as Andrew Stewart argues this layer may be Kimonian or Periklean backfill against the south wall[10]. Further, Stewart maintains that the burning observed on the Euthydikos kore is in fact colouration, that the kore can be grouped with the archaising Pig Relief[11] and that the kore is by the same sculptor as the Blonde Boy. He also notes that the kore is not facially mutilated, suggesting that it wasn’t vandalised by the Persians. This implies that the kore’s date may be placed later in the 470s and that the Severe Style developed after the Median War and perhaps as a consequence of it[12].

  • Reassembled Kore.
  • Torso.
  • Base with inscription.


Notes
  1. Richter pp.99-100
  2. Though belonging to Kavvadias's finds the question of this kore's relationship to the persian debris has been regularly raised, nevertheless support for a date of 480 remains, see M. Steskal, Der Zerstörungsbefund 480/79 der Athener Akropolis, 2004.
  3. ΕΥΘΥΔΙΚΟΣ Ο ΘΑΛΙΑΡΧΟ ΑΝΕΘΕΚΕΝ, IG I3 758, Raubitschek, DAA 56.
  4. statue inv. no. Akr 686, base Akr 609.
  5. K. Winter, J.d.I., II, 1887, p. 216.
  6. B. Ridgway, The Severe Style in Greek Sculpture, p.21 n.13
  7. Hence sometimes called "La Boudeuse" - the pouter: See Sculpture: From Antiquity to the Middle Ages, Duby et al. 1999
  8. Jeffrey M. Hurwit, The Art and Culture of Early Greece, 1100-480 B.C., p.325
  9. Payne, Archaic Marble Sculpture, pp. 40-42
  10. Stewart, 2008, p. 394.
  11. Akr 581
  12. Stewart, 2008, p. 394.

Bibliography
  • G. M. A. Richter Korai, Greek Archaic Maidens, Phaidon, 1968
  • H. Payne and G. Mackworth-Young, Archaic Marble Sculpture from the Acropolis: A Photographic Catalogue, 1950
  • G. Dickins, Catalogue of the Acropolis Museum, Cambridge 1912
  • A. E. Raubitscheck, Dedications from the Athenian Akropolis. A Catalogue of the Inscriptions of the Sixth- Fifth c. B.C., 1949
  • K. Karakasi, Archaic Korai, Getty, 2003
  • A. Stewart, The Persian and Carthaginian Invasions of 480 B.C.E. and the Beginning of the Classical Style: Part 1, the Stratigraphy, Chronology, and Significance of the Acropolis Deposits, American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 112, No. 3 (Jul., 2008), pp. 377-412.
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