Euschemon

Regent skipper
Conservation status
	Not evaluated (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Hesperiidae
Subfamily:	Euschemoninae; Kirby, 1897
Genus:	Euschemon; Doubleday, 1846
Species:	E. rafflesia
Binomial name
	Euschemon rafflesia; (Macleay, [1827])
Synonyms
	Several, see text

Euschemon rafflesia, the regent skipper, is a butterfly in the skipper family, Hesperiidae. It is found in Australia and is the only member of its genus, Euschemon, and subfamily, Euschemoninae.[1]

Taxonomy

It was formerly often included in the tribe Tagiadini of the subfamily of spread-winged skippers, Pyrginae. However, it seems to be the single most distinct living skipper butterfly. Consequently, it is treated as a monotypic subfamily Euschemoninae, as was first proposed by William Forsell Kirby as early as 1897.[1]

Synonyms

The regent skipper, in addition to the systematic uncertainties that have surrounded it for long, is a rather variable species. Consequently, it has been treated under a variety of names, which are nowadays considered junior synonyms. For example:

Euschemon alba Mabille, [1903]
Euschemon alboornatus Olliff, 1891
Euschemon viridis Waterhouse, 1932
Exometoeca rafflesia (Macleay, [1827])
Hesperia rafflesia Macleay, [1827]

William Sharp Macleay named the butterfly after Sir Stamford Raffles "to whose scientific ardour and indefatigable exertions in Java and Sumatra, every naturalist must feel himself indebted."[2]

Description

Typical resting position

The regent skipper is quite small relative to most butterflies, however, it is large relative to most species in the family Hesperiidae. Its common name refers to the gaudy coloration; mostly black with conspicuous yellow and red dots and bands.

A notable trait of this butterfly are the males' frenulum and retinaculum which couple the fore- and hindwing together in flight. This structure is presumably plesiomorphic for most or all Macrolepidoptera, but is absent in all known Rhopalocera (butterflies) except the regent skipper and the Hedylidae (moth-butterflies).[1]

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References

Brower & Warren (2009)
Humphrey, Margaret (June 2006). "SUS Museums Newsletter: The Raffles Collection" (PDF). Sydney Museums. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2013.

Brower, Andrew V.Z. & Warren, Andrew (2009): Tree of Life Web Project – Euschemoninae. Version of 2009-JUN-11. Retrieved 2009-DEC-24.

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[bw09-1] Brower & Warren (2009)

[2] Humphrey, Margaret (June 2006). "SUS Museums Newsletter: The Raffles Collection" (PDF). Sydney Museums. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2013.