Ethel Charles

Ethel Mary Charles (25 March 1871 – April 1962) was a British architect, the first woman to be admitted to the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) in 1898.[1]

Early Life

Ethel Charles and her sister Bessie Ada Charles (1869–1932) were born in Calcutta, Bengal India, to Thomas Edmonton Charles(1834–1906), a doctor in private practice, and Ada Henrietta Charles (1848–1931/2).[2]

The family left India in 1877, settling at first in Cannes, then for twenty years spent their summers in Switzerland and winters in Rome, and visiting to England annually. Ethel and Bessie Charles were both educated privately and together read modern languages at Somerville College, Oxford for a year in 1891–2.

Despite being presented at court, their father encouraged both daughters to explore a profession.

Career

Between 1892–5 Ethel and Bessie were articled to Sir Ernest George and Peto, the architectural practice of Ernest George and Harold Peto. In 1893, they both attempted to continue their training by attending the Architectural Association School of Architecture but were refused entry. Ethel completed part of the course offered by the Bartlett School of Architecture,[3] receiving distinctions.

Drawings in the RIBA Collection document her travels through England, France and Italy. After her apprenticeship with Ernest George, she became an assistant to Walter Cave, studying Gothic and domestic architecture.

In June 1898, she passed the RIBA examinations for associate membership. RIBA President at the time, Professor George Aitchison, welcomed Ethel and W. Hilton Nash stated "It would be prejudicial to the interests of the Institute to elect a lady member." (p16 W. Hilton Nash)[4]. Nevertheless, her admission was opposed by a minority of members.[5] Despite this initial opposition, she was finally granted membership with 51 voting in favor and 16 against.[6][7] In 1902 she made a representation to the Architectural Association for women to be accepted as practicing architects. However, the Association would not admit any women until 1917.

Ethel and Bessie Charles worked and practiced together, building houses on Gyllyngyvase Terrace, Falmouth (1907).[4]

Unable to obtain commissions for large-scale projects which continued to be reserved for men, Ethel Charles was forced to concentrate on modest housing projects such as laborers' cottages,[8] often working with her sister, the second woman to become a member of RIBA. Charles stated publicly that the best opportunities for architects were in commercial commissions but the only reference to her work on large-scale designs is an untraced prize-winning church in Germany in 1905.

The same year she was awarded the RIBA Silver Medal.[6]

Ethel Charles' orthographic projections of laborers' cottages from 1895 are presented by RIBA as an example of how the Old English style began to evolve towards the Arts and Crafts and Garden City movements.[9]

Post World War One

After the First World War, Charles does not appear to have practiced but kept house for a brother, the commandant of the Royal Military Academy.

Ethel Charles died on 8 April 1962 in Haverthwaite, Lancashire. She was cremated and her ashes were interred alongside her sister Bessie who had predeceased her in 1932.

Commemoration

Charles left her architectural drawings and sketchbooks to RIBA, which celebrated her as a pioneer woman architect in 2017.[2][10]

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See also

References

  1. Sumita Sinha, "Diversity in Architectural Education: Teaching and learning in the context of Diversity" Archived 2017-03-27 at the Wayback Machine, Women in Architecture. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  2. "Charles, Ethel Mary (1871–1962), architect". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/63129. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
  3. "Ethel & Bessie Charles". The Bartlett History Project. Retrieved 2017-07-05.
  4. Walker, Lynne (1986). "The Entry of Women into the Architectural Profession in Britain". Woman's Art Journal. 7 (1): 13–18. doi:10.2307/1358231. ISSN 0270-7993. JSTOR 1358231.
  5. Symonds, Richard (1999). Inside the Citadel: men and the emancipation of women 1850-1920. Macmillan Press Ltd. p. 165.
  6. Lynne Walker, "Golden Age or False Dawn? Women Architects in the Early 20th century", English-heritage.org. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  7. "The admission of lady Associates". RIBA Journal. 6: 78. 10 Dec 1898.
  8. Women in Architecture: creating change. http://women-in-architecture.com/fileadmin/wia/pdfs/pdfs_creating_change_profiles/Ethel_Mary_Charles_Bessie_Ada_Charles.pdf accessed 5 Jul 2017
  9. "The Victorian era: Ethel Mary Charles" Archived 2012-05-13 at the Wayback Machine, RIBA. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  10. "Celebrate an architecture pioneer – Ethel Mary Charles". www.architecture.com. Retrieved 2017-07-05.


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