Ese language
Ese, or Managalasi, is a language of Oro Province, Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Muaturaina, Chimona, Dea, Akabafa, Nami, Mesari, Averi, Afore, Minjori, Oko, Wakue, Numba, Jimuni, Karira. Perhaps 40% of speakers are monolingual.
| Ese | |
|---|---|
| Region | Oro Province, Papua New Guinea |
Native speakers | 10,000 (2000)[1] 4,000 monolinguals (no date)[2] |
Trans–New Guinea
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mcq |
| Glottolog | esee1247[3] |
It is spoken in the Kawawoki Mission area of Popondetta.[4]
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p | t | k | ʔ | ||
| Affricate | voiceless | tɕ | ||||
| voiced | dʑ | |||||
| Fricative | β | s | h | |||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||
- Allophones of phonemes /β, tʃ, dʑ, ɾ/ exist as [b, ts, ɖʐ, ɺ].
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| Mid | e | o |
| Low | a |
- A central vowel sound [ʉ] can be heard as a result of /i/ preceding /u/.
- Allophones of /e, a, o/, exist as [ɛ ə ɔ].
- A semivowel sound [w] occurs when /u/ precedes a stressed vowel.[5]
gollark: Probably down to the nanoscale.
gollark: Bell Labs wanted to make better amplifiers, and physics™ implied that semiconductor things of some sort would allow this, so after some cycles of testing and improving theories they got basic transistors.
gollark: Transistors were invented circa 1950 as a replacement for vacuum tubes.
gollark: They are slow, big and loud however.
gollark: If you have wire and some coils you can build relays, which are also current switched switches.
References
- Ese at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- Ese language at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Ese". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Papua New Guinea languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
- Parlier, Jim & Judy (1963). Managalasi phonology. SIL.
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