Elusimicrobium minutum

Elusimicrobium minutum is an ultramicrobacterium and first accepted[1] member to be cultured of a major bacterial lineage previously known only as candidate phylum Termite Gut 1 (TG1), which has accordingly been renamed phylum Elusimicrobia. It was isolated in the laboratory of Andreas Brune at the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, from the scarab beetle. It is a mesophilic, obligately anaerobic ultramicrobacterium with a gram-negative cell envelope. Cells are typically rod shaped, but cultures are pleomorphic in all growth phases (0.3 to 2.5 μm long and 0.17 to 0.3 μm wide). The isolate grows heterotrophically on sugars and ferments D-galactose, D-glucose, D-fructose, D-glucosamine, and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to acetate, ethanol, hydrogen, and alanine as major products but only if amino acids are present in the medium [2]

Elusimicrobium minutum
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Elusimicrobia
Order: Elusimicrobiales
Family: Elusimicrobiaceae
Genus: Elusimicrobium
Species:
E. minutum
Binomial name
Elusimicrobium minutum
Geissinger et al. 2010

The genome of Elusimicrobium minutum

The 1.64 Mbp genome of E. minutum reveals the presences of several genes required for uptake and fermentation of sugars via the Embden–Meyerhof pathway, including several hydrogenases, and an unusual peptide degradation pathway comprising transamination reactions. It also reveals the presence of genes coding for peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. The genome also seems to encode 60 PilE genes putatively involved in pilus assembly, polyketide synthesis, non-ribosomal peptide synthesis and many other still undiscovered metabolic traits.[3]

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References
  1. VALIDATION LIST N° 132. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2010, 60, 469–472
  2. Geissinger, O.; Herlemann, D.P.R.; Mörschel, E.; Maier, U.G. & Brune, A. (2009). "The ultramicrobacterium "Elusimicrobium minutum" gen. nov., sp. nov., the first cultivated representative of the Termite Group 1 phylum". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75 (9): 2831–2840. doi:10.1128/AEM.02697-08. PMC 2681718. PMID 19270135.
  3. Herlemann, D.P.R.; Geissinger, O.; Ikeda-Ohtsubo, W.; Kunin, V.; Sun, H.; Lapidus, A.; Hugenholtz, P. & Brune, A. (2009). "Genomic analysis of "Elusimicrobium minutum," the first cultivated representative of the phylum "Elusimicrobia" (formerly Termite Group 1)" (PDF). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75 (9): 2841–2849. doi:10.1128/AEM.02698-08. PMC 2681670. PMID 19270133.
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