City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality

The City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality is a metropolitan municipality that forms the local government of the East Rand region of Gauteng, South Africa. The municipality itself is a large suburban region east of Johannesburg. The name Ekurhuleni means place of peace in XiTsonga. Ekurhuleni is one of the five districts of Gauteng province and one of the eight metropolitan municipalities of South Africa. The seat of Ekurhuleni is Germiston. The most common native language spoken by its 3.17 million people is IsiZulu, as of the 2001 Census. OR Tambo International Airport falls in the Kempton Park area of Ekurhuleni.[5]

Ekurhuleni
City
Seal
Location in Gauteng
Coordinates: 26°10′S 28°18′E
Country	South Africa
Province	Gauteng
Seat	Germiston
Wards	101
Government [1]
• Type	Municipal council
• Mayor	Mzwandile Masina[2] (ANC)
Area
• Total	1,975 km^2 (763 sq mi)
Population  (2011)[3]
• Total	3,178,470
• Density	1,600/km^2 (4,200/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011) [3]
• Black African	78.7%
• Coloured	2.7%
• Indian/Asian	2.1%
• White	15.8%
First languages (2011) [3]
• Zulu	28.8%
• English	12.0%
• Afrikaans	11.9%
• Northern Sotho	11.4%
• Other	35.9%
Time zone	UTC+2 (SAST)
Municipal code	EKU
GDP	US$ 82.6 billion[4]
GDP per capita	US$ 24,468[4]

History

The municipality was established in 2000, superseding the Eastern Gauteng Services Council, the Khayalami Metropolitan Council, and the previous administrations of Alberton, Benoni, Boksburg, Brakpan, Edenvale/Lethabong, Germiston, Kempton Park/Tembisa, Nigel and Springs.[6]

The planned abolition of the Lesedi Local Municipality, which includes Heidelberg, and its absorption into Ekurhuleni after the 2016 municipal elections, were blocked by the High Court of South Africa in 2015.[7]

The name Ekurhuleni meaning place of peace alludes to the fact that the East Rand townships were the site of severe political violence between supporters of the Inkatha Freedom Party and the ANC in the early 1990s, prior to South Africa's first multiracial elections in 1994.[8]

Geography

Ekurhuleni lies on the plateau that is the highveld at about 1600 metres in altitude. The highest elevation is at the Gillooly's Ridge – Bill Stewart Side – Fisher's Hill at 1772m asl.[9] The lowest point is at 1552m asl. The city is rich in wetlands, pans, streams and rivers.[10] The city is highly urbanised; however, the north especially has high-potential agricultural land.[11]

Climate

Ekurhuleni has a subtropical highland climate (Cwb) according to the Köppen-Geiger Climate classification.[12] This classifies a warm temperate climate of warm summers and dry winters. In the winter months (May - October) the city has a diurnal temperature pattern with a high amplitude, as temperatures can range from freezing at night to mid 20s °C in the day.

The main precipitation falls between October and March with a monthly average precipitation of up to 148mm which falls usually in convective thundershowers.[13] The daily maximum temperatures in October–March are on average 27 °C. The Winter is mostly dry with only a few cold fronts reaching the highveld from the southern Atlantic Ocean.[14]

Climate data for Ekurhuleni
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	33.8 (92.8)	33.5 (92.3)	35.2 (95.4)	29.4 (84.9)	29.2 (84.6)	28.8 (83.8)	24.5 (76.1)	27.0 (80.6)	33.0 (91.4)	32.5 (90.5)	33.6 (92.5)	33.0 (91.4)	35.2 (95.4)
Average high °C (°F)	32 (90)	32 (90)	30 (86)	27 (81)	25 (77)	22 (72)	22 (72)	26 (79)	30 (86)	32 (90)	32 (90)	32 (90)	28.5 (83.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)	27 (81)	27 (81)	26 (79)	23 (73)	21 (70)	18 (64)	18 (64)	21 (70)	25 (77)	26 (79)	27 (81)	27 (81)	24 (75)
Average low °C (°F)	14 (57)	13 (55)	13 (55)	10 (50)	6 (43)	2 (36)	2 (36)	4 (39)	8 (46)	11 (52)	13 (55)	14 (57)	9 (48)
Record low °C (°F)	6 (43)	0 (32)	1 (34)	−1 (30)	−5 (23)	−7 (19)	−6 (21)	−7 (19)	−3 (27)	2 (36)	1 (34)	0 (32)	−7 (19)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	132 (5.2)	86 (3.4)	79 (3.1)	41 (1.6)	13 (0.5)	5 (0.2)	2 (0.1)	7 (0.3)	20 (0.8)	85 (3.3)	114 (4.5)	142 (5.6)	726 (28.6)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm)	21	16.5	14.8	7.5	2.9	1.5	0.6	1.9	5.3	15.5	19.1	22.9	129.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours	250.1	224.8	238.8	236.9	276.0	266.9	283.9	284.1	280.8	269.5	248.7	263.9	3,124.4
Source 1: meteoblue[15]
Source 2: World Meteorological Organisation (UN)[16]

Main places

Road sign: Ekurhuleni

Ekurhuleni 2001 population density map

The 2011 census divided the municipality into inter alia the following main places:[17]

Place	Area (km^2)	Population	Most spoken languages
Alberton	77.16	121,536	Afrikaans 42%, English 34%, Zulu 6%, Sotho 5%, Xhosa 2%, foreign languages 2%
Benoni	175.55	158,777	English 41%, Afrikaans 19%, Zulu 17%, Pedi 5%, Sotho 3%, Tsonga 3%, foreign languages 3%, Xhosa 2%, Ndebele 2%
Boksburg	162.35	260,321	Afrikaans 28%, English 18%, Zulu 14%, Pedi 9%, Xhosa 8%, Sotho 7%, Tsonga 4%, foreign languages 3%
Brakpan	182.81	73,080	Afrikaans 47%, English 16%, Zulu 14%, Sotho 4%, Pedi 3%, foreign languages 2%, Tsonga 2%, Xhosa 2%, Tswana 2%
Daveyton	14.45	127,967	Zulu 37%, Pedi 13%, Xhosa 11%, Sotho 10%, Tsonga 9%, Tswana 5%, Ndebele 3%, English 2%, foreign languages 2%
Duduza	11.23	73,295	Zulu 64%, Sotho 16%, Xhosa 5%, Pedi 2%, Tswana 2%
Edenvale	20.03	49,292	English 72%, Afrikaans 11%, foreign languages 4%, Zulu 3%
Etwatwa	20.83	151,866	Zulu 44%, Tsonga 12%, Pedi 12%, Sotho 7%, Xhosa 6%, Ndebele 6%, Swazi 2%, Tswana 2%
Germiston	143.27	255,863	English 24%, Afrikaans 16%, Zulu 16%, Xhosa 9%, Pedi 7%, Sotho 7%, foreign languages 5%, Tsonga 4%, Venda 2%, Tswana 2%
Katlehong	55.36	407,294	Zulu 37%, Sotho 22%, Xhosa 13%, Pedi 9%, Tsonga 6%, English 2%
Kempton Park	149.05	171,575	Afrikaans 34%, English 26%, Zulu 8%, Pedi 7%, foreign languages 4%, Sotho 4%, Tswana 3%, Xhosa 3%, Tsonga 2%
Kwa-Thema	14.70	103,727	Zulu 55%, Xhosa 8%, Sotho 7%, Pedi 7%, Tswana 6%, Ndebele 4%, Tsonga 2%, English 2%, Swazi 2%
Langaville	10.10	54,710	Zulu 46%, Pedi 11%, Tsonga 10%, Xhosa 8%, Sotho 6%, Ndebele 4%, Swazi 3%, English 2%, Tswana 2%
Nigel	139.07	38,318	Afrikaans 43%, Zulu 23%, English 16%, Sotho 5%, Xhosa 2%
Springs	183.50	121,610	Afrikaans 30%, Zulu 20%, English 15%, Pedi 8%, Xhosa 7%, Sotho 5%, Tsonga 3%, foreign languages 3%, Tswana 2%
Tembisa	42.08	463,109	Pedi 33%, Zulu 21%, Tsonga 13%, Xhosa 7%, Sotho 6%, Tswana 3%, Ndebele 3%, Venda 3%, foreign languages 2%, English 2%
Tokoza	9.43	105,827	Zulu 40%, Sotho 21%, Xhosa 18%, Pedi 5%, Tsonga 3%
Tsakane	19.75	135,994	Zulu 57%, Sotho 10%, Pedi 7%, Xhosa 6%, Tsonga 4%, Tswana 3%, Ndebele 3%, English 2%
Vosloorus	32.10	163,216	Zulu 46%, Sotho 17%, Xhosa 8%, Pedi 7%, Tsonga 5%, Tswana 4%, English 3%
Wattville	2.17	25,667	Zulu 47%, Sotho 13%, Pedi 10%, Xhosa 7%, Tswana 5%, Tsonga 5%, English 2%, foreign languages 2%, Ndebele 2%

Parks and nature

Ekurhuleni has over 206 wetlands and lakes.

Germiston Lake is a natural pan in the Elsburgspruit system and has a catchment area of 1174ha. It is fed mostly by surface runoff water and stormwater drains. The lake is one of the cleanest bodies of water in South Africa. It has a size of 57.4 ha and a maximum capacity of 2839×${\displaystyle 10^{6}m^{3}}$. Its depth is approximately 8 metres.[18][19] On the banks of the lake are a recreational park with playground equipment and Braai areas as well as a rowing club and golf club.

A wetland of note is the Blesbokriver wetland which stretches over an area of 1858ha.[20]

Flamingoes can be found in the Marievale Bird sanctuary.

The Bullfrog Pan is almost 10 hectares and is home to more than 150 bird species.[21]

Landmarks

In 2017 the Chris Hani memorial at Thomas Nkobi Memorial Park in Boksburg was revealed during the 22nd commemoration of his death. The Chris Hani memorial site consists of the Monument, the Walk of Remembrance and the Wall of Remembrance which recognizes the historical events, places and people associated with the liberation struggle of South Africa.[21]

Chris Hani Monument in Ekurhuleni, Boksburg

The Thokoza Wall of Remembrance commemorates the people who died in the fight between the Inkatha Freedom Party and the residents.[21]

Arts and culture

Ekurhuleni has a rich cultural life. In 2017 the Thami Mnyele Fine arts award had its 30th anniversary.[22]

The local music scene is well and alive and Ekurhuleni gave rise to a few notable music stars.

O.R. Tambo Narrative Centre tells visitors all about the lives and contributions of the Tambo couple towards the dismantling of Apartheid in South Africa. It is situated on the banks of the Leeupan Wetland. It also has an exhibition of environmental education aimed at children.

Since 2016 Ekurhuleni has hosted the Ekurhuleni International Film Festival.[23]

Demographics

In 2016 3,379,104 people lived in Ekurhuleni, of whom 22.7% were under 15 years old, 71.2% were between the ages of 15-64 and 6.1% were older than 65 years old. Ekurhuleni had 1,299,490 households with an average people per household number of 2.6. 80.2% of people lived in formal dwellings and 52.9% owned housing.[24]

The following statistics are from the 2014 census.[25]

Ekurhuleni 2001 dominant language map

Population pyramid 2011
%	Males	Age	Females	%
n/d		85+		n/d
n/d		80–84		n/d
0.53		75–79		0.89
0.65		70–74		0.74
1.04		65–69		1.07
1.46		60–64		1.47
1.95		55–59		1.91
2.37		50–54		2.26
3.02		45–49		2.65
3.72		40–44		3.18
4.87		35–39		4.18
5.75		30–34		5.05
5.59		25–29		5.13
4.04		20–24		4.01
3.21		15–19		3.29
3.67		10–14		3.69
4.41		5–9		4.40
4.87		0–4		4.90

Language	Population	%
IsiZulu	908 002	28.81%
English	377 935	11.99%
Afrikaans	375 611	11.8%
Sepedi	359 245	11.40%
Sesotho	315 806	10.02%
IsiXhosa	252 757	8.02%
XiTsonga	208 865	6.63%
Setswana	90 307	2.87%
Other	81 878	2.60%
IsiNdebele	75 150	2.38%
Tshivenda	48 227	1.53%
SiSwati	44 967	1.43%
Sign Language	.	0.4%

Gender

Germiston

The Rhodesfield suburb of Kempton Park

Gender	Population	%
Male	1 627 724	51.21%
Female	1 550 747	48.79%

Ethnic groups

A street in Lakefield

Ethnic group	Population	%
Black African	2 502 769	78.74%
White	502 439	15.81%
Coloured	85 910	2.70%
Indian/Asian	68 058	2.14%

The CBD of Benoni

Education

Ekurhuleni has two school districts: Ekurhuleni North and Ekurhuleni South.[26] There are 671 schools in Ekurhuleni, of which 137 are independent.[27][28] Ekurhuleni has two colleges of further education and training (FET)[29][30] as well as two centres of adult education and training (AET).[31] The municipal government under Executive Mayor Mzwandile Masina conducted a feasibility study and lobbied the national government to establish a university in Ekurhuleni [32] which was formally announced by President Cyril Ramaphosa in the 2020 State of the Nationa Address.

Politics

The city has scored best in governance out of all metros in South Africa.[33]

The municipal council consists of 224 members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. 112 are elected by first-past-the-post voting in 112 wards, while the remaining 112 are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 3 August 2016 the African National Congress (ANC) lost its majority on the council for the first time. The ANC subsequently formed a coalition with the African Independent Congress, the Pan Africanist Congress, the Patriotic Alliance and the Independent Ratepayers Association of South-Africa.

The following table shows the results of the 2016 election.[34][35]

Party		Votes				Seats
		Ward	List	Total	%	Ward	List	Total
	African National Congress	436,190	438,961	875,151	48.6	76	33	109
	Democratic Alliance	307,664	306,709	614,373	34.2	35	42	77
	Economic Freedom Fighters	102,242	99,770	202,012	11.2	1	24	25
	African Independent Congress	14,709	14,810	29,519	1.6	0	4	4
	Inkatha Freedom Party	8,940	9,345	18,285	1.0	0	2	2
	Freedom Front Plus	7,991	8,059	16,050	0.9	0	2	2
	African Christian Democratic Party	3,908	3,754	7,662	0.4	0	1	1
	Pan Africanist Congress	3,836	3,743	7,579	0.4	0	1	1
	Patriotic Alliance	2,272	2,499	4,771	0.3	0	1	1
	Congress of the People	2,209	2,504	4,713	0.3	0	1	1
	Independent Ratepayers Association of SA	3,067	1,219	4,286	0.2	0	1	1
	Independent	3,675	–	3,675	0.2	0	–	0
	United Democratic Movement	1,435	2,109	3,544	0.2	0	0	0
	Others	2,283	5,298	7,581	0.4	0	0	0
Total		900,421	898,780	1,799,201	100.0	112	112	224
Spoilt votes		16,086	15,783	31,869

Economy

As of 2014 the GDP of Ekurhuleni was estimated at over US$55 billion (PPP), being US$17,361 per person.[4] Ekurhuleni has an active workforce of 1.6 million people of whom 28.8% are unemployed.[25] Ekurhuleni makes up 6.2% of national production.

Ekurhuleni has in Rand Refinery the largest integrated single-site precious metals refining and smelting complex in the world.[36]

Airways Park, the head office of South African Airways

Professor John D. Kasarda with Ekurhuleni mayor Mondli Gungubele

Manufacturing

The city is an important manufacturing centre in South Africa, contributing 32% of manufacturing production.[37] The city has been described as "the workshop of the country".[38] It contributes 11% to the GVA of South Africa.[39]

Ekurhuleni has held the "Manufacturing Indaba" Conference every year since 2014. This two-day conference provides contacts and networking between business owners, industry owners, capital providers, experts and the government.[40]

Infrastructure

Road network

Ekurhuleni is connected to the main motorways in South Africa via the M2, N3, N17, R21, R24 and R59 highways. As Ekurhuleni is part of the Johannesburg Conurbation, Transport routes in Ekurhuleni share the same metropolitan route numbering system as Johannesburg.

The road network in Ekurhuleni spans 8,024 km of paved roads and approximately 1,200 km of gravel road.[41]

Public transport

Ekurhuleni is one of 13 cities and towns in South Africa to implement the bus rapid transit (BRT) system. Phase 1 of the project runs from Tembisa to Vosloorus via Kempton Park and the OR Tambo International Airport. New routes have been integrated from Katlehong to Rhodesfield, from Vosloorus to Rhodesfield, and from Reiger Park to Rhodesfield.[42] Passengers are served by Metrorail which sustains the passenger rail network in the Western Cape, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape. Seven train lines serve Ekurhuleni.[43]

Rail

Ekurhuleni has the largest rail hub in South Africa used by Transnet.[37]

Aviation

Ekurhuleni aerotropolis

Several airline companies are headquartered in the Kempton Park area of Ekurhuleni.

Ekurhuleni is Gauteng's first aerotropolis.[44] This is a metropolis with an airport at its centre. One should be able to get to the airport from anywhere in Ekurhuleni in 25 min. The major aim will be logistics and connecting the local industry and agriculture to the world markets.

O.R. Tambo International Airport has two terminals handling domestic and international flights. Terminal A handles international traffic and Terminal B domestic flights. The airport services airlines from all five continents and plays a vital role in serving the local, regional, intra- and inter-continental air transport needs of South Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. It is the biggest and busiest airport in Africa. OR Tambo International handles more than 20 million passengers per year and employs more than 18,000 people.[45]

South African Airways, the flagship air carrier of South Africa, and its subsidiary South African Express have their head offices in Ekurhuleni.[5][46][47] Mango, a low cost airline owned by SAA, is headquartered on the grounds of OR Tambo International Airport.[48]

The headquarters of Comair and Kulula.com are at an intersection within Ekurhuleni in close proximity to OR Tambo International Airport.[49][50] Federal Air also has its headquarters on the OR Tambo International Airport grounds.[51] 1Time has its head office in the Isando Industrial Park.[52] Safair's head office is in Kempton Park.[53]

Airports Company South Africa has its head office in Bedfordview, Ekurhuleni.[54] TAAG Angola Airlines has an office in Bedfordview.[55]

Stormwater systems

There are 11,318 stormwater systems and a total lengths of pipes and channels of more than 3800 km.[41]

Sports and recreation

Ekurhuleni has at least 16 golf courses and is home to the international Golf Tournament the South African Open held at Glendower Golf Club.[56]

There is an over 100 year old rowing club at the bank of Germiston Lake,[57] and over 30 swimming pools can be found in the city.[58]

Ekurhuleni United FC play in the fourth division of South African Football.[59]

Ekurhuleni has the Ekurhuleni masters league, a soccer league of retired pros and talented players who did not make the cut.[60]

38 eco "outdoor gyms" can be found in Ekurhuleni.

Notable people from Ekurhuleni

• Nthati Moshesh
• Kelly Khumalo
• Emmanuel Asanda 'Scara' Ngobese
• Sabelo Nhlanhla Kubheka (Holy-Ghost SabturaH)
• Lebo Mathosa
• Rebecca Malope
• Bonginkosi Moloi Jr.
• Willem Coertzen
• Ernie Els
• Chris Hani
• Sibusiso Khumalo
• Kwesta
• Sbusiso Leope
• Senzo Meyiwa
• Sindy Mabe
• Pearl Modiadie
• Khethi Ngwenya
• Charlize Theron
• Oliver Tambo
• Vusi Thembekwayo
• Skhumba Hlophe
• Japie Mulder
• Chris Rossouw (rugby union born 1969)
• Lood de Jager
• Jakkals Keevy
• Jaco Taute
• Mabaye Calvin

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Sources

• Municipal Demarcation Board
• Stats SA Census 2001 page
• Independent Electoral Commission 2004 election results

External links

• City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality - official site of the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality
• History of Ekurhuleni
• Integrated Transport Plan
• Official statement on substituting Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality with City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality