Eerik-Niiles Kross

Eerik-Niiles Kross (born 8 September 1967) is an Estonian politician, diplomat, former chief of intelligence and entrepreneur. He is a member of parliament (Riigikogu). During the 1980s, Kross was a prominent figure in the anti-Soviet non-violent resistance movement in Soviet-occupied Estonia. After re-independence, in 1991, he joined Estonia's Foreign Ministry. He served as the head of intelligence from 1995 to 2000; and as national security advisor to former President Lennart Meri in 2000 and 2001.

Eerik-Niiles Kross
Kross in 2013
Born (1967-09-08) 8 September 1967
Tallinn, Estonia
NationalityEstonian
Political partyEstonian Reform
Parent(s)Jaan Kross
Ellen Niit

Kross represented Estonia as a diplomat in the UK, from 1990 to 1992; then in the US from 1992 to 1995.[1]

Internationally, Kross is best known as a security expert, having worked in Iraq as a Senior Director of the Coalition Provisional Authority being responsible for creating the new Iraqi Ministry of Defense and Military Intelligence. He was an advisor to the Government of Georgia during and after its war with Russia in 2008. He coordinated the Georgian information campaign.[2][3]

As an observer of foreign affairs, Kross has published more than a 100 articles on Russian foreign policy, NATO and Estonian-Russian relations. Kross is a well known critic of the Russian foreign policy and the Russian head of state, Vladimir Putin.

In 2011, Russian authorities accused him of masterminding the 2009 hijacking of the MV Arctic Sea off the coast of Sweden.[2][3] The Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee in Estonia, rejected this accusation as a fabrication by Russia's FSB.[4]

Kross joined the moderate-conservative IRL in November 2011, and was elected to the Party Executive. He served on the Advisory Board to the Ministry of Defense. In October 2014 Kross left the IRL and joined the liberal democratic Estonian Reform Party. At the Parliamentary Elections of 2015 he ran at the Reform Party ticket in the Tallinn 3rd district and won a seat in Parliament after the MEP Urmas Paet did not accept his mandate.[26]

Kross has published several books and written scripts for documentary films. He wrote the script for the 2006 documentary, The Blue Hills (Sinimäed), which received the Estonian Cultural Foundation's Film of the Year Award;[5] also, special mention at the Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival.[6]

Education

Kross graduated Tartu University in 1991 majoring in history.[7] He also studied at the University of Hamburg, Germany. In 1993, Kross received an MA in History (Political and Social Change in Europe) at the University of London, United Kingdom (School of Slavonic and East European Studies). In 2000-2003 Kross studied at the Institute of Law of the Tartu University.

Activities in independence movement of Estonia

In Soviet occupied Estonia Kross was actively involved in the independence movement. In April 1988, he was one of three-member group (along with Margus Kasterpalu and Tiit Pruuli) that brought out the banned national flag (blue-black-white).[8] In June 1988, Kross was one of organizers of the First Youth Forum gathering all pro-independence youth organizations of the country. Kross was also one of ideologues of re-establishing of Soviet-banned Estonian academic student organizations. On 1 December 1988 the Estonian Students' Society (EÜS) was reestablished under his leadership. Kross was the first post-war chairman of Estonian Students Society. In 1990-91 Kross represented the Estonian independence movement in the United Kingdom running the so-called Estonian Information Bureau in London.

Activities in foreign representations of Estonia

Eerik-Niiles Kross re-established the Estonian Embassy in the UK. He was the first representative (chargé d'affaires) of the restored Republic of Estonia in London becoming the youngest representative of a foreign government in the history of the London Diplomatic Corps.[9] In 1992 Kross worked as a minister-counselor at Estonian Mission to the UN in New York. In November 1992, Kross took over the representation of Republic of Estonia in United States of America from Ambassador Ernst Jaakson, and was chargé d'affaires of Estonian Republic until arrival of Ambassador Toomas Hendrik Ilves in summer of 1993.[10] During 1993-1995, Kross worked at Estonian Embassy in Washington, DC as the Deputy Chief of Mission.

Activities as Director of Security Coordination of Estonia

During 1995-2000, Eerik-Niiles Kross was the Intelligence Coordinator of Government of Estonia. In 2000-2001 he was the National Security Adviser to the Estonian president Lennart Meri. Kross was responsible for the security parts of Estonia's Membership Action Plan for Estonia to join NATO. In 2008 the President of Estonia awarded him the Order of the White Star III class for his "contribution to joining NATO".[11]

Activities in foreign missions in Iraq and Georgia

In 2003-2004 Kross worked as Senior Director for Intelligence Institutions Development in the team of Paul Bremer, the Head of the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq.[12] He was responsible for the establishment of the new Defense Ministry of Iraq and the military intelligence among other duties. Later Kross worked at the Defense Ministry of Iraq as a senior advisor.

Since 2007 Kross has advised the Government of Georgia and President Mikheil Saakashvili in the field of foreign and media relations as well as security related issues.[13] During the Russian-Georgian War in 2008, Kross led the team of foreign advisors of Georgian government in the field of media and information operations.

Bronze Soldier

In 2007, during the "Bronze Soldier" controversy Kross was a member of the Estonian Government's War Graves Commission. He was appointed by the Defense Minister Jürgen Ligi. The commission had 6 members, each of the members had been appointed by a Government minister. The commission gave the recommendation to the Government to remove a Soviet War Monument ("Bronze Soldier") from central Tallinn to a military cemetery. The monument was removed in late April. The so-called Bronze Night riots of the Russian-speaking youth occurred as a reaction.[14]

INTERPOL red notice

On 18 October 2013, on request by the Russian Federation, The International Criminal Police Organization or INTERPOL published on its website a "wanted" request for Kross on charges of organizing piracy,[15] related to the hijacking of the Finnish-owned MV Arctic Sea in the Baltic in 2009.[16] This happened two days before the Estonian local elections finale on 20 October 2013.[17] Kross ran as a candidate for mayor for the capital city Tallinn. The closeness of the events led to claims by Estonian officials of a Russian effort to sabotage the elections.[18] On 22 October the Minister of Interior of Estonia Ken-Marti Vaher said that Estonia will protest the Russian request and will point out to Interpol that it is in violation of Interpol Constitution to mediate politically motivated cases.[19] James Kirchik, a Washington-based analyst commented on the incident in EU Observer: "Such low tactics are characteristic of Russian interference in its 'sphere of privileged interests,' that is, the independent countries of the former Soviet space which the Kremlin considers to be its imperial playground."[20]

Political activity

During the Parliamentary elections of 2011, Kross ran for the seat in Parliament in the list of Estonian Greens candidates as number one in Pärnumaa, and number two in all-state list of the party. He received 3579 votes – the biggest number of votes in the entire list of Estonian Greens candidates - 8,8% of all votes in his electoral district, but did not make it to the Parliament. On 5 December 2011 Kross joined the liberal conservative Pro Patria and Res Publica Union (IRL). In January 2012 the IRL Congress elected Kross to the Executive Board of the party. He is also a member of the IRL Tallinn region board and IRL Assembly.

At the local elections of 2013 Kross was the mayor's candidate for the capital Tallinn for IRL. He ran an aggressive campaign and raised the popularity of IRL in the capital from 5% in May to 20% in October. Kross received 6897 votes - the biggest number of votes for a newcomer at local elections in Estonian history - 26.4% of all votes in his electoral district. Edgar Savisaar's Center Party won the elections, Kross became a member of the City Council and the leader of the opposition in Tallinn.[21]

In October 2014 Kross left the IRL and joined the liberal democratic Estonian Reform Party.[22]

At the Parliamentary Elections of 2015 he ran at the Reform Party ticket in the Tallinn 3rd district and won a seat in Parliament after the MEP Urmas Paet did not accept his mandate.[23]

In addition to his role in parliament, Kross has been serving as member of the Estonian delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe since 2015. As member of the Estonian Reform Party, he is part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group. He is currently a member of the Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee) and the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons. He was also a member of a cross-party delegation to observe the 2017 presidential elections in Serbia.[24]

Other activities

In 2007 it was reported that Kross and his business partner Heiti Hääl had purchased the remains of the Baltic Exchange building from the UK and wished to re-erect the historical building in Tallinn, Estonia.[25] They planned to deliver the building from London in parts. It was later reported the National Heritage Board of Estonia did not approve the planned location near Tallinn Old Town.

Kross is one of the founders of the Estonian Reserve Officer's association and currently a member of the Court of Honor of the Estonian Reserve Officer's Association.[26]

In 2011 the Estonian media reported that Kross is reconstructing Kõue Manor, a national heritage site near Tallinn. The manor was first mentioned in 1379 and was once owned by the world-famous explorer Otto von Kotzebue. Kross is planning to open an Arts Center in the manor.[27]

The Estonian Chamber of Commerce and Industry awarded Kross' consultancy company Trustcorp "The Most Competitive Service Enterprise 2012" award in October 2012.[28]

On 11 November 2012 Kross was elected the President of the Estonian Judo Association.[29]

Personal facts

Eerik-Niiles Kross is a son of Estonian writers Jaan Kross and Ellen Niit. Maarja Undusk, a sister of Eerik–Niiles Kross is an artist, and brother Märten Kross is a real estate developer, film producer and photographer. His half-sister Kristiina Ross is a linguist and translator, and half-brother Toomas Niit is a psychologist. Kross is married to the American film-maker and environmentalist Mary Jordan.

Bibliography
  • Estonians! / Photography: Jüri Soomägi; Text Eerik-Niiles Kross. Göteborg : Ekstrand & Blennow AB, 1989. ISBN 91-85786-49-7
  • Eerik-Niiles Kross. Pro Patria. II. Auraamat langenud ja hukkunud metsavendadele 1944-1978 Okupatsioonide Repressiivpoliitika Uurimise Riiklik Komisjon. Tartu 1998. ISBN 9985-9178-2-0
  • Eerik-Niiles Kross. Vabaduse väravad : valik tekste 1988-2006. (Selected essays) Tartu : Ilmamaa, 2007. 422 pages. ISBN 978-9985-77-217-1
  • Nation building and the idea of Iraq, Diplomaatia, March/April 2005.
  • Lisbon NATO Summit and Russia: Crown Jewels for Chicken Feed? Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 7 Issue: 211, 19 November 2010
  • Kross. Üksikud head mehed. Kaur Kender, Jaan Kross, Eerik-Niiles Kross. Tallinn 2011. ISBN 978-9949216468
  • Putin’s war of smoke and mirrors Politico, 4 September 2016
gollark: ... no?
gollark: Well, Vec<char> wastes space, and UTF-8 good.
gollark: Strings as `Vec<u8>` but only internally and with a safe interface for manipulating them as Unicode character sequences best.
gollark: It means fewer security issues and less of C's null-terminated insanity.
gollark: Oh, and immutable sensible strings.

References
  1. Restsinski, Peeter (2003). "About the History of the Embassy in Washington". Second Coming (Teine Tulemine) (in Estonian). Tallinn. pp. 22–39. ISBN 9985-9364-4-2.
  2. "Tuuli Koch. Venemaa ootab Krossi ülekuulamisele. Postimees, December 2011 (in Estonian) |".
  3. Никифоров, Илья (24 October 2008). "Горячие парни на службе у Саакашвили". Независимая газета.
  4. "Kross extradition request refused". Baltic News. January 2012.
  5. Lauri, Vahur. "Eesti Kultuurkapital jagas aastapreemiaid" (in Estonian). Estonian Public Broadcasting, 27 January 2007.
  6. Holloway, Ron. "10th Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival (1-10 December 2006). Festivalreports". Interfilm Akademie. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
  7. http://www.ut.ee/lopetanute-nimekiri/LP_1991TY.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. Soidro, Mart. Täna Tartus 10 aastat tagasi , "Eesti Ekspress" nr 17, 1998.
  9. "Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Estonia and United Kingdom|". Archived from the original on 11 May 2012.
  10. McHugh, James T.; Pacy, James S. (2001). James T. McHugh, James S. Pacy; Diplomats without a country. Baltic diplomacy, international law, and the Cold War. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001; P. 167|. ISBN 9780313318788.
  11. "Estonian State Decorations. Bearers of decortations. Kross|".
  12. "Eerik-Niiles Kross, adviser to the Iraqi temporary government.|".
  13. Ekspress. "Eesti sõjaköök lööb Gruusias korda majja - Välisuudised - Eesti Ekspress". Ekspress.ee. Retrieved 23 February 2012.
  14. "Kes? Mis? Kus?" 2008, lk. 55
  15. "Krossist sai rahvusvaheliselt tagaotsitav, Postimees, 19. October 2013|".
  16. "Interior Minister Demands Answers From Interpol". Estonian Public Broadcasting. 23 October 2013.
  17. "Kross Wanted Notice Appears on Interpol Site on Eve of Election". Estonian Public Broadcasting. 19 October 2013.
  18. "Estonia Says Russia Tries to Sway Local Vote Via Interpol". Bloomberg. 20 October 2013.
  19. "Interior Ministry to Protest Interpol's Decision to Transmit Russian Warrant, ERR, October 22, 2013". 22 October 2013.
  20. Andrew Rettman (25 October 2013). "Estonia says Interpol notice interfered in election". EUObserver.
  21. "Kross Emerges as Opposition Leader in Tallinn". Estonian Public Broadcasting. 21 October 2013.
  22. "Kross Ditches IRL for Reform Party, as Does Alender". Estonian Public Broadcasting. 31 October 2014.
  23. "Eerik-Niiles Kross on the Parliament's website". Eesti Riigikogu - Parliament of Estonia.
  24. PACE to observe presidential election in Serbia Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, press release of 29 March 2017.
  25. "Extreme restoration, BBC News Magazine, 5 July 2007|". 5 July 2007.
  26. "Eesti Reservohvitseride Kogu. Aukohus |".
  27. "Eerik-Niiles Kross ehitab Kosele kultuurimõisa. Eesti Päevaleht. October 11, 2011 |".
  28. "Estonian Entrepreneurship Competition. Trustcorp OÜ The Most Competitive Service Enterprise 2012".
  29. "Eesti Judoliidu uueks presidendiks on Eerik-Niiles Kross". Archived from the original on 13 February 2013.
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