Edwin Markham

Edwin Markham (born Charles Edward Anson Markham April 23, 1852 – March 7, 1940) was an American poet. From 1923 to 1931 he was Poet Laureate of Oregon.[1]

For the British general, see Edwin Markham (British Army officer).

Edwin Markham
Born	(1852-04-23)April 23, 1852 Oregon City, Oregon, U.S.
Died	March 7, 1940(1940-03-07) (aged 87) Staten Island, New York, U.S.
Occupation	Poet
Nationality	American
Signature

Life

Edwin Markham was born in Oregon City, Oregon, and was the youngest of 10 children; his parents divorced shortly after his birth. At the age of four, he moved to Lagoon Valley, a at Christian College in Santa Rosa. He went by "Charles" until about 1895, when he was about 43, when he started using "Edwin."[2]

In 1898, Markham married his third wife, Anna Catherine Murphy (1859–1938), and in 1899 their son Virgil Markham was born. They moved to Rio de Janeiro in 1900 to study natives and their appeasement, then to New York City, where they lived in Brooklyn and then Staten Island. Edwin Markham had, by the time of his death, amassed a huge library of 15000+ books. This collection was bequeathed to Wagner College's Horrmann Library, located on Staten Island. Markham also willed his personal papers to the library. Edwin's correspondents included Franklin D. Roosevelt, Ambrose Bierce, Aleister Crowley,[3] Jack and Charmian[4] London, Carl Sandburg, Florence Earle Coates[5] and Amy Lowell.

Career

L'homme à la houe by Jean-François Millet

Markham taught literature in El Dorado County until 1879, when he became education superintendent of the county. While residing in El Dorado County, Markham became a member of Placerville Masonic Lodge. He also accepted a job as principal of Tompkins Observation School in Oakland, California, in 1890. While in Oakland, he became well acquainted with many other famous contemporary writers and poets, such as Joaquin Miller, Ina Coolbrith, Charles Warren Stoddard, and Edmund Clarence Stedman.

Edwin Markham's most famous poem, "The Man with the Hoe," which accented laborers' hardships, was first presented at a public poetry reading in 1898. His main inspiration was a French painting of the same name (in French, L'homme à la houe) by Jean-François Millet. Markham's poem was published, and it became quite popular very soon. In New York, he gave many lectures to labor groups. These happened as often as his poetry readings.

A photograph of Markham in his later years

In 1922, Markham's poem "Lincoln, the Man of the People" was selected from 250 entries to be read at the dedication of the Lincoln Memorial. The author himself read the poem. Of it, Dr. Henry Van Dyke of Princeton said, "Edwin Markham's Lincoln is the greatest poem ever written on the immortal martyr, and the greatest that ever will be written." Later that year, Markham was filmed reciting the poem by Lee De Forest in his Phonofilm sound-on-film process.

As recounted by literary biographer William R. Nash,[6] "'['b]etween publications, Markham lectured and wrote in other genres, including essays and nonfiction prose. He also gave much of his time to organizations such as the Poetry Society of America, which he established in 1910. In 1922, at the conclusion to the dedication of the Lincoln Memorial, Markham read a revised version of his poem, "Lincoln the Man of the People."[7] Markham also wrote a number of epigrams, of which the best known is Outwitted.

Throughout Markham's later life, many readers viewed him as an important voice in American poetry, a position signified by honors such as his election in 1908 to the National Institute of Arts and Letters. Despite his numerous accolades, however, none of his later books achieved the success of the first two.

Legacy

Six schools in California were named in honor of Markham. Three schools, all named Edwin Markham Elementary School, are in Oakland, Vacaville and Hayward, and three more are Markham Middle School in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Watts, Edwin Markham Middle School in Placerville, and Edwin Markham Junior High School in San Jose, the last since renamed Willow Glen Middle School.

Schools in other states named in his honor include Edwin Markham Intermediate School 51 in Staten Island, Edwin Markham Elementary north of Pasco, Washington, Edwin Markham Elementary School in Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania, and Markham Elementary in Portland, Oregon.

The Liberty Ship Edwin Markham was launched on May 5, 1942.

A street in the Palomares Hills neighborhood of Castro Valley, CA bears his name (Edwin Markham Drive).

The Markham Houses is a complex on Staten Island, as is a street there.

Bibliography

Poetry collections

• The Man With the Hoe and Other Poems (1899)
• Lincoln and Other Poems (1901)
• The Shoes of Happiness and Other Poems (1913)
• Gates of Paradise (1920)
• Eighty Poems at Eighty (1932)
• The Ballad of the Gallows Bird (published 1960)

Prose

• Children in Bondage (1914)
• California the Wonderful (1914)

Footnotes

1. "Oregon – State Poet Laureate". www.loc.gov. State Poets Laureate of the United States, Main Reading Room, Library of Congress).
2. Biographical History from the Edwin Markham Collection Finding Aid at San Jose State University
3. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved February 7, 2016.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
4. "Results for '"edwin markham" "charmian london" "staten island"' [WorldCat.org]". www.worldcat.org.
5. "Results for '"florence earle coates" "edwin markham" "staten island"' [WorldCat.org]". www.worldcat.org.
6. "Edwin Markham's Life and Career – A Concise Overview". www.english.uiuc.edu.
7. The New York Times, May 30, 1922

Further reading

• Peter J. Frederick, Knights of the Golden Rule: The Intellectual As Christian Social Reformer in the 1890s. Lexington, KY: University Press Of Kentucky, 1976.

External links

• Edwin Markham Archive at the Wagner College Library.
• Works by or about Edwin Markham at Internet Archive
• Works by Edwin Markham at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• The Papers of Edwin Markham at Dartmouth College Library