Eduard de Lannoy

Baron Henri Eduard Joseph de Lannoy (3 December 1787 – 28 March 1853), was a Flemish composer, teacher, conductor, and writer on music who spent most of his life in Austria. His compositions bridge the classical and early romantic styles. His full name and title in German was 'Heinrich Eduard Josef, Freiherr von Lannoy'.

Eduard von Lannoy (1837 lithograph by Joseph Kriehuber)

Biography

Political background

The turbulent political events from 1789 include the Belgian Revolution and the French Revolution; during the subsequent French Revolutionary Wars, French troops under Napoléon Bonaparte pushed the armies of the First coalition as far as the Rhine, and in 1795 the Republic of France formally annexed the Southern Netherlands (now Belgium. See Map of Europe in 1812.) A number of government officials left the country, including Lannoy's father and Jean Vesque de Puttelange; they both eventually obtained official government positions in Vienna, where their sons had fruitful musical careers.

Early life

Eduard de Lannoy was born in Brussels, then in the Duchy of Brabant, a region of the Austrian Netherlands, part of the Holy Roman Empire. His father was Pierre Joseph Albert, baron de Lannoy (1733-1825), of the Lannoy family, one of the oldest families in Belgium.[n 1] His father's career began in 1756 in the Finance department of the Austro-Belgian government; after the suppression of the Jesuit order in 1773 he was chief administrator for the disbursement of its estates. He received the Knight's Cross of the Order of St. Stephen and was made a Freiherr (Baron) in 1809. He died in Wildhaus (see below), 8 February 1825.[1]

Lannoy, aged about 8, came with his parents to the Austrian Duchy of Styria in 1796. He attended school and the 'Gymnasium' in Graz from 1796 to 1801. He returned to Brussels and enrolled at the fr:École centrale de Bruxelles (previously the Old University of Leuven), where he studied linguistics, philosophy and jurisprudence, and especially mathematics and music. A shared prize-winning cantata of his was performed in 1806.[2]

Later life

Schloß Wildhaus, 1830 lithograph by J. F. Kaiser

Lannoy returned to Graz and continued his studies until May 1809. Lannoy spent several years alternating between Vienna and the castle which his father had purchased in 1808, Schloß Wildhaus (now Castle Vilthus), between Selnica ob Dravi and Marburg on the Drau (now Maribor, Slovenia).[10] where he dedicated his life to music and poetry.[11] In Graz he was a writer in the circle of Ignaz Kollmann, artist and editor of Aufmerksamen ('Observations').

He worked meritoriously and disproportionally in the service of music, less as a composer than to uplift and awake music's meaning and power. He became a member of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, involving himself with oratorios and mixed concerts. Vincenz Houška conducted many of them, with Lannoy conducting in 1824-1825.[11] Lannoy conducted the 'Concerts spirituels' founded by Franz X. Gebauer in 1820. After Gebauer died in 1822 aged 37, Lannoy, along with Carl Holz and Ludwig Titze continued to present the concerts. Lannoy's own music collection shows that a wide variety of contemporary music was played at these concerts.[12]

Lannoy gave composition lessons to Johann Vesque von Püttlingen, who went on to write 300 songs under the pseudonym 'J. Hoven' (after Beethoven).[11] The pianist child prodigy Leopoldine Blahetka had through-bass lessons with Lannoy.[13] Lannoy was a contributor (number 22) to the fifty variations which Anton Diabelli commissioned from composers in the Austrian Empire in 1819: Beethoven responded with 33 of his own Diabelli variations. Carl Czerny's piano sonata no. 11, op. 730, was dedicated to Lannoy, as was Spohr's 5th Symphony (along with Carl Holz, Ludwig Titze and Ignaz Seyfried).[14] Lannoy's collection of musical manuscripts[12] included a set of 18th century parts for Mozart's Symphony no. 4, K. 181(162^b).[15][n 2]

Lannoy came into the circle of folkloric-educational endeavours centering on the unconventional Archduke John of Austria.[n 3] Erzherzog Johann was best man at his wedding in Wildhaus.[16] Lannoy was keen for folk music to be annotated and written down. In conversation and in writing, he disseminated the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau in Vienna, especially the musical articles in the Aesthetic Lexicon by Ignaz Jeitteles which stem from his quill ("stammen aus Lannoy's Feder").[17][18]

Lannoy was a powerful impulse for cultural and musical life in Graz and Vienna. He sat on the Board of Directors of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde, conducted its concerts. He sat on the board of the Vienna Conservatory, and was its director 1830-1835.[19]

He accompanied Adelaide Kemble ('Miß Adelheid Kemble') in a performance of Schubert songs for the new King and queen of Hanover in Karlsbad on 26 August 1837, following a concert earlier in August with Leopold Jansa.[20]

Friends

His greatest reverence was reserved for Beethoven (see § Poetry), and he was on friendly terms with (alphabetically) Hector Berlioz, Alexandre Boucher, Carl Czerny, Félicien David, Gaetano Donizetti, Franz Lachner, Franz Liszt, Ignaz Moscheles, Ignaz Franz Mosel, Mozart's son Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Ignaz von Seyfried, Wenzel J Tomaschek, and Henri Vieuxtemps.[18] He was closest to fellow clarinettist Count Ferdinando Troyer, the dedicatee of Franz Schubert's Octet in F major, D. 803.[21] Another of his friends was Johann Vesque von Püttlingen, with whom he had composition lessons. Both came from Brussels, where their fathers had been government officials in the government of the Austrian Netherlands and were displaced by the French Revolution in 1795.

He maintained a lively exchange of letters with Mendelssohn, Henri Vieuxtemps, the Swiss composer Franz Xaver Schnyder von Wartensee and Franz Lachner.[22]

Works

His oeuvre runs to some 70 opus numbers.[11]

Symphonies

• Symphony in E major. fp 1821 at a Gesellschaft concert[11] (Symphony in E ("auf funf Stimmen") pub. Vienna by Haslinger.)
• Symphony in C major. fp 1822 at 6th 'Concert spirituel'[11] Reviewed in Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung, Volume 24, pp 360-361 (in German), plus a list of works played in the Concerts Spirituels.
• Symphony no. 3 (in B♭?) According to Wolfgang Suppan, the four movements of his third symphony - which is based on the tale of Count Lara by Lord Byron - are unified as program music by a single characteristic theme, predating Berlioz' Symphonie fantastique of 1830 by several years.[23]

Operas

• Margarethe oder Die Räuber, (1813/1814) (fp Graz, given in Vienna 1819)[11]
• Olindo und Sophronia, (1815)
• Rosa oder Die Einsiedeley in den Alpen, (1816)
• Die Morlaken, ('The Morlachs') (1817) Italian libretto by Gaetano Rossi, translated by Lannoy. (fp Graz 1817)[11]
• Libussa, Böhmens erste Königin, (1818/1819) (fp Brno)
• Die Europäer in Ostindien, (1823)
• I due forzati, (1825)
• Der Schreckenstein, (1825)
• Des Liedes Macht, (1826), unfinished
• Schloß Darville, (1839), unfinished

Singspiels

• Jery und Bätely, (1816)
• Kätly, (1827) (fp 24 April Hof-operntheater Vienna)[24]
• Zauberer Papagei und König Bär, Zaubererspiel (1830)

Melodramas

• Ein Uhr, oder Der Zauberbund um Mitternacht, (1822)[11] Text by Wilhelm Vogel (1772–1843), from the English of Matthew ("Monk") Lewis.[25][26]
  • Overture printed by Haslinger
• Der Mörder, (1822)
• Carlos Romaldi, (1822)
• Emmy Teels, (1823)
• Die beiden Galeerensklaven, (1823)
• Der Löwe von Florenz, (1823)
• Abu, der schwarze Wundermann, (1826) (produced in Vienna and Germany 1826-1830)[11]

Other works

Works with known opus no.

• Piano Sonata in A, op. 6 (pub Mechetti)[19]
• Erstes Rondo in C, op. 7 (pub Haslinger)
• Grand Sonata in A♭ minor, op.9
• Grand quintet in E♭, op. 12, for oboe, clarinet, horn, bassoon and piano[27]
• Grand Trio für Klavier, Klarinette und Cello, op. 15
• Grosses Trio für Klavier, Violon und Violoncell, op. 16. Vienna: S. A. Steiner (1820)
• Variations and Polonaise for Violin, op. 17
• "National-Tanz und Sangweisen des osterreichischen Kaiserstaats. Eine Sammlung charakteristischer Rondo's leichter Art" Book 1: Austria. Book 2: Styria, op. 30 & 31
• Lieder, op. 48[28]
• Song, General Hentzi. Poem by B. Carneri, for Soprano (or Tenor.) Op. 68. Vienna: Mechetti
• 6 easy Polonaises for piano, op. 69

Without opus no.

• Overture and entractes for Castelli's play Tsar Ivan.[11]
• 3 sonatas for violin and piano
• Adagio and Polonaise for violin and piano (Bravura Variations?)[29]
• Variations on a theme from Rossini's Zelmira for piano[30]

Songs

• Inno di Piero Maroncelli (1838)[31]
• Romance (words by La Fontaine) (1838)[32]
• Romance (1838)[33]
• Lied der Schmetterlinge ('Song of the Butterfly') (words by Rückert) (1839)[34]
• Two duets for mezzo-soprano and contralto, with piano (1840) [35]
• An die Sterne ('To the stars') (words by Rückert) (1841)[36]
• Schön bist du (Rückert) (1842)[37]
• Zwoelf Freier (Rückert) ('Twelve suitors would I have') (1842)[38]
• Canzonetta veneziana (1842)[39]
• Abendlied (Rückert) (1844?)[40]
• Odalisque aux doux yeux [Song, begins: "Livre aux vents du Bosphore"] (1845)

Poetry

  Beethoven

Die Urkraft wohnet in des Bergen Tiefen Und fördert nie Geahndetes zum Licht; Sie wecket Stürme, die gefesselt schliefen, Ein feur'gen Strom aus hohen Crater bricht. Doch wo die Glutenbäche tödtend liefen, Da wächst die Rose bald auf neuer Schicht Und wo empört die Winde heulend riefen, Der Edelstein mit Phöbos Glanze ficht. Du bist der Berg, die Kraft in Busen wohnet, Du strebst hinan zu dem, der straft und lohnet, Berührst im Fluge alle Seelesaiten: Er klingt in Dir die Welt mit Lust, mit Schmerzen;        Du singst; es dringet jeder Ton zum Herzen; Dir horchen alle Menschen, alle Zeiten.

Elemental power dwells in the mountain deeps And struggles unavenged towards the light; It wakes the tempests, enthralled with sleep, A fiery flood breaks from the crater's height.   But where once flowed the deadly glowing streams, Soon grows the wild rose on stratums new And where th' indignant winds cried wailing The precious gem with Phoebus' brilliance gleams.   You are the rock, power dwells in your breast, You inward reach to him who fines and pays, In flight you strike a chord in every soul:   In you the world resounds with joy, with pain; You sing; each tone penetrates our hearts; All mankind hearkens to you, every age.

  Freyherr von Lannoy
  from German Triads. A Crown of Sonnets[41]

Family

In 1819 he married Magdalena Katharina Josephine, daughter of Franz Xaver von Carneri.[42] They had no children. They adopted a son, Rudolf Oskar Freiherr von Gödel-Lannoy (1814-1883):[n 4]

• In 1855 he was Consul-General of Syria & Palestine, in Beirut:[48] Consul-General in Jassy, Moldavia, (now Iași, Romania), from October 1855 to 1862:[49][50] Präsident der Central-Seebehörde Triest (Central Maritime Agency, Trieste) in 1868 and Ritter der L. Ordnungs.[51] See also Exequatur and Schachbender - (Ottoman Consul) [52] He was on the board of directors of the K.K. priv. Sudbahn-gesellschaft in 1872 de:Südbahn (Österreich) - Verwaltungsrath in Wien.[53] "At the same time plans for a direct connection through the Alps were developed, promoted by Archduke John of Austria - [who knew Johann Vesque de Puttlingen) to open up the Styrian lands beyond Semmering Pass." (Southern Railway) He was a founder member of the Vienna Geographical Society from 1856.[54] and a member of the Vienna Meteorological Society.[55]

References

Notes

1. See also fr:Liste chronologique de familles belges
2. This early work dating from 1764-5 may have been originally composed at 20 Frith Street, London, during the Mozart family grand tour of Europe. (Sadie 2006, pp. 83–85).
3. Coincidentally, the great-great-grandfather of the conductor Nicholas Harnoncourt
4. Other people called Gödel-Lannoy, relationship uncertain:
   • Book by C. Freiherr von GÖDEL-LANNOY, Die kirchlichen Verhältnisse auf Corfu zur Zeit der venezianischen Herrschaft[43]
   • In the Annalen des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums 1893 - Staff of Museum Departments: c) Mineralogisch-petrographische Abtheilung. "Andererseits bemühten sich für uns die Herren...Excellenz Freiherr Emil Gödel-Lannoy..." [44]
   • cz:Hermann Gödel-Lannoy d. 1892: (Born Hermann Gödel). Sudden death of Hermann Freiherr von G-L, son of Franz Salis Gödel (Kreisrichtesbeamter?). Studied in Graz, Vienna and Padua, D. Jur. et Phil. Finanz-Procutor in Pressburg, Venice, and lastly Vienna. 1886 Civil Commissar of the Southern Army. Order of the Iron Crown III class, later II class on retirement. Freiherr 1873, Honorary Freiherr des Maltheserordens - Sovereign Military Order of Malta RC Lay & Military order.[45] His three children died young, and he adopted his nephew Richard Freiherr von Basso Gödel-Lannoy,[46] who was Sr. Excellenz Linienschiffs-Lieutenant in 1888[47]
   • See also Countess de Lannoy, born Gräfin Looz, possibly no relation.[19]

Citations

1. BLKO 14 1884, p. 142 [150].
2. BLKO 14 1884, pp. 142-3 [150-1].
3. "...the haughty Drau flows thither between craggy rocky banks. Above the right bank, as from a poetry book, towers the ruin of Schloss Wildhaus, while a grand country house improves the adornments of the legend." Joseph Baumgartner. Die neusten und vorzüglichsten Kunst-Strassen über die Alpen, p. 21
4. 1899 photo of the castle at "Schloss Wildhaus bei Marburg". Sammlung Martinschitz. imBild.TV. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
5. Mentioned in the 15th century: see Lehenverzeichnisse des benedictinerstiftes St. Paul in Kärnten aus dem XV Jahrhunderte, p. 11/pdf 18.
6. The Turks fought at Maribor and fled in the direction of Wildschloss. Sagen aus den Türkenkreigen
7. Random author born in Schlob Wildhaus in 1805: Weninger, Franz Xaver. Herz Jesu Missionsbuch oder heiliger Liebesbund...
8. Marburger Zeitung (07.24.1942, Letnik 82, številka 205) "Vom Stier aufgegabelt. Auf der Ökonomie Schloß Wildhaus in Tresteruitz bei Marburg wurde der Hausknecht von einem wijtenden Stier angegriffen und aufgegabelt. Er hatte in seinem Mißgeschick noch soviel Geistesgegenwart, so geschickt zu handeln, sodaß er mit leichteren Verletzungen davonkam, er wurde in häuslicher Pflege belassen." = Marburger Zeitung (07.24.1942, Letnik 82, številka 205) "Picked up by the bull. On the economy(.) (At) Castle Wildhaus in Tresteruitz near Marburg the servant was attacked and picked up by a ?wijtenden bull. He had so much presence of mind to act even more cleverly in his misfortune, so that he escaped with minor injuries, and was taken care of at the house."
9. Archiv für österreichische Geschichte, volume 65, 1883-1884, pp. 96-7
10. Various refs for Schloß Wildhaus:[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
11. BLKO 14 1884, p. 143 [151].
12. Suppan 1965, pp. 9-22.
13. Blahetka, Leopoldine. Sophie Drinker Institute. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
14. Jahrbücher des Deutschen Nationalvereins für Musik..., Volume 2, p. 138
15. Beck, Hermann (1963). Kritischer Bericht. Sinfonien, Band 4 (PDF). Neue Mozart Ausgabe, Serie IV (in German). Kassel: Bärenreiter. p. d/20.
16. Suppan 1999, p. 252.
17. Possibly Aesthetisches Lexicon Vol 2, M-Z, 1837. "Musik" entry on pp. 100-104? (vol X, p. 122?)
18. Suppan 1965, p. 9.
19. BLKO 14 1884, p. 144 [152].
20. Neue Zeitschrift Fur Musik, 1920, p. 48.
21. Allmusic.com
22. Suppan 2004.
23. Suppan 1982.
24. Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung 1827, p. 372
25. Libretto (Arien und Gesänge von "Ein Uhr") Bayerische StaatsBibliothek. Given at the Königsstadt Theatre, Berlin.
26. Reviewed in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung, Volume 24, pp 842-3
27. Chamber Music Journal, Volume 12 No.4, Winter 2001, retrieved 11 November 2001
28. Lieder & Song texts page
29. Devaux 2014, p. 290.
30. Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung, Volume 24, pp 465
31. Score at Bayerische StaatsBibliothek
32. Bayerische StaatsBibliothek
33. Score at Bayerische StaatsBibliothek
34. Score at Bayerische StaatsBibliothek
35. Jahrbücher des Deutschen Nationalvereins für Musik ..., Volume 2 Vol 2 No. 15, 9 April 1840, p. 120
36. Score at Bayerische StaatsBibliothek
37. Score at Bayerische StaatsBibliothek
38. Score at Bayerische StaatsBibliothek
39. Score at Bayerische StaatsBibliothek
40. Europa. Chronik der gebildeten Welt. In Verbindung mit mehreren Gelehrten und Künstlern herausgegeben von August Lewald. 1844 Bd. 3 (Skizzen und Genrebilder aus: Deutschland, Schweiz, Frankreich, England, Rußland, Spanien und vermischte Aufsätze). Printed along with songs by other composers. Abe Books search. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
41. Lannoy, Freiherr von (13 March 1819). "Deutsche Dreyklänge. Ein Sonnettenkranz". Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung: mit besonderer Rücksicht auf den österreichischen Kaiserstaat. Vienna: Steiner. 3 (21).: poems in praise of Goethe, Schiller and Jean-Paul, and of Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven. The first two stanzas could perhaps be seen as descriptions of the 5th and 6th symphonies. Beethoven's most recent major work was the "Hammerklavier" sonata (1818), and the 8th Symphony had been first performed in 1814. The late quartets and the 9th Symphony were yet unconceived.
42. Principal Commission secretary 1799 under Carl Anselm Thurn und Taxis; chancellor in November 1800. Comitial-Taschenbuch für das Jahr 1800 p. 65
43. ZHVSteiermark 2, 1904, S. 51-64
44. Annalen des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. 1893
45. Marburger Zeitung, 26 May 1892 p. 4
46. Südsteirische Post 25 May 1892
47. Laibacher Zeitung, 20 October 1888, p. 2056
48. Schematismo Dell' Imperiale Regio Litorale Austriaco-Illirico, Volume 8, p. 115 but actually in German
49. Akten zur Geschichte des Krimkriegs: Österreichische Akten zur Geschichte ... ]
50. 1862 Handels- und Gewerbs-Schematismus von Wien und dessen nächster Umgebung
51. Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Kaiserthumes Österreich: 1868, p. 360
52. Die Abhandlung XIII (und XIV) von der landwirtschaftlichen Cultur: 4

53. Zeitung des Vereins Deutscher Eisenbahnverwaltungen: Organ d. Vereins, Volume 12, p. 657

54. Inhaltsverzeichnis der Veröffentlichungen der K.K. Geographischen Gesellschaft in Wien XIII, 1870 p. 571
55. Zeitschrift Österreichische Gesellschaft für Meteorologie - 1866 "Von der k. k. Central -Seebehörde. Tri est den 26. October 1866. Der Präsident Gödel-Lannoy." (Zur Kälte im October.) Die Nachricht, welche früher schon ') über die ungewöhnliche Kälte im October gegeben wurde, konnte damals nur den.."

Sources

• Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1884). "Lannoy, Eduard Baron". Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, Band 14, Leicharding – Lenzi und Nachträge. II. Folge (in German). Online edition. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
• Devaux, Vanessa (2014). Joseph Mayseder (1789-1863): A Viennese Violinist and Composer (PDF) (D. Phil. dissertation). Cardiff University. Retrieved 13 November 2015.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Sadie, Stanley (2006). Mozart: The Early Years 1756–1781. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-816529-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Suppan, Wolfgang (1965). "Die Musiksammlung des Freiherrn von Lannoy". Fontes Artis Musicae (in German). International Association of Music Libraries, Archives, and Documentation Centres (IAML). 12 (1). JSTOR 23504574.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) (free registration required)
• Suppan, Wolfgang (1982). "Lannoy, Eduard von". Neue Deutsche Biographie, Vol. 13 (in German). Online edition. p. 620. Retrieved 11 November 2015.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Suppan, Wolfgang (1999). "Eduard von Lannoy - eine Nachlese". Traditiones (Ljubljana) (in German). 28 (2).CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Suppan, Wolfgang (2004). "Eduard von Lannoy im Briefwechsel mit Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Henri Vieuxtemps, Franz Xaver Schnyder von Wartensee und Franz Lachner". Musikgeschichte als Verstehensgeschichte: 629–643.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)