Edna Andrade

Edna Andrade (January 25, 1917 Portsmouth, Virginia - April 17, 2008 Philadelphia) was an American abstract artist. She was an early Op Artist.[1]

Edna Andrade
Born(1917-01-25)January 25, 1917
Portsmouth, Virginia
DiedApril 17, 2008(2008-04-17) (aged 91)
Philadelphia
NationalityAmerican
EducationPennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts
Known forOil Painting
MovementOp Art Geometric Abstraction

Op Art

The Op Art movement refers to paintings and sculptures that use illusions or optical effects. Op art includes graphic elements and use of color that similarly appears in works from other movements such as Post Impressionism, Futurism, Constructivism, and Dadaism[2]

Early life and education

Edna Davis Wright was born on January 25, 1917 in Portsmouth, Virginia. Between 1935-1936 Andrade studied at the Barnes Foundation in Merion, Pennsylvania. From the age of eight, she was encouraged to practice drawing and painting.[3] In 1937 she attained a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from the University of Pennsylvania. In 1938 she completed Post Graduate studies at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.[4]

While at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Andrade was awarded two Cresson Traveling Scholarships. While traveling post World War II, Andrade encountered the Bauhaus movement and other examples of German modernism.[4] The artistic experimentation happening in Europe influences Andrade's approach to design, color, and abstraction.

In 1941 she married architect Preston Andrade and they moved to Philadelphia in 1946, where she would remain for the rest of her life.[4]

Career

After her studies, Andrade taught art at an elementary school in Norfolk, Virginia. Subsequently, she taught at Tulane University in New Orleans. Upon her move to Philadelphia, she began teaching at The University of the Arts, where she taught for thirty years. In her early career she drafted on a freelance basis, but didn't take charge of her career until her marriage ended.[5]

Andrade's early work includes water color collages and ink drawing of abstracted landscapes (an outpouring of art). During World War II, she worked on propaganda materials for what is now the CIA.[5] Over the course of her career she created public artwork, commissioned by the Free Library of Philadelphia and the Salvation Army.[4]

Beginning in the 1950s, Andrade painted highly abstract, geometric paintings that used a limited color palette and variety of shapes.[6] Her work is in numerous collections including the Philadelphia Museum of Art,[7] The Museum of Contemporary Art Buenos Aires,[8] the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the Houston Museum of Fine Arts, the Dallas Museum of Art, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and Baltimore Art Museum, the Utah Museum of Fine Arts, and the Delaware Art Museum.[9] Her papers are held at the Archives of American Art.[10]

Style

As a part of the Op art movement, Andrade's style confronts the nature of perception, creating highly abstracted, geometric images. Her oil paintings possess illusionistic qualities, hence “optical art.” As Andrade began creating illusionistic art, she shifted from organic abstraction to hard-edge geometry, emphasizing symmetrical squares and color juxtapositions.[11]

Andrade's style of painting often produces hallucinatory compositions, psychedelic in appearance and often as if they are moving. Her paintings have no narrative, nor subject matter, which situate Andrade as an abstract artist. In an interview with the Philadelphia Inquirer, Andrade comments on her paintings, stating, “It’s not like showing your emotion. It’s a decision to be totally visual. A story doesn’t go with it.”[5] As demonstrated by Andrade and her paintings, they are complex visual experiences, based in aesthetic experimentation rather than storytelling.

Her style is best exhibited in her most famous painting, Motion 4-64. Motion 4-64 is a 48-inch square oil painting featuring black and white rectangles. The edges bend inward, pulling the viewer into the center of the canvas, creating an illusionary experience.[12] She implements curvilinear lines to create an illusionistic space, in which the audience visually experiences movement within the geometric, flowing design. Other paintings such as Turbo I, from 1965, integrate the science of perception into the viewer's experience by using lines and circular movements to create aesthetically engaging canvasses.

In her later work, Andrade returns to painting abstracted landscapes and practices the more fundamental art techniques she learned while at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.[4]

Influences

Andrade listed artists who particularly influenced her style including Paul Klee, Piet Mondrian, and Josef Salvador González Ruvalcaba the María Del Refugio González BarajasAlbers.[13] Andrade also notes that she was influenced by architectural design, philosophy, mathematics, and design (Locks bio). She was specifically inspired by things such as astrophysics and Freudian psychology, contributing to the complexity and detail of her paintings.[14]

Death

Andrade died on April 17, 2008 at the age of 91 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[4]

Recognition

In 1991 Andrade received Philadelphia's Mayor's Arts and Culture Award for Visual Arts as well as the Distinguished Teaching Award from the College Art Association in 1996.[12]

Legacy

In 1997, the Leeway Foundation established the Edna Andrade Emerging Artist Award to encourage and assist female artists in their artistic careers.[12] In 2013, the Edna Andrade Summer Scholarship was established at the University of Pennsylvania, providing travel for student researchers.

There have been two major retrospectives of Andrade's work, one in her lifetime and one after her death. The first was held in 1993 at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and the second in 2003 at the Institute of Contemporary Art at the University of Pennsylvania.[15]

Andrade's artwork was more popular toward the end of her career and after her death. Although she is considered an influential Op artist, she was left out of the New York art scene due to her location in Philadelphia.[15]

Select exhibitions
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gollark: I'm not, but randomly ransoming sounds so potatOS.
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gollark: Wait, so I can fix this hypothetical exploit by randomly randoming?
gollark: Yemmel and Lemmmy are two accounts, same owner.

References
  1. "Art Is Teaching, Teaching Is Art - Edna Andrade - Obit Magazine". Obit-mag.com. Archived from the original on 2013-01-23. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
  2. Popper, Frank. “Op art.” Oxford University Press. Accessed April 22, 2015. https://www.moma.org/collection/details.php?theme_id=10139.
  3. Patricia Likos. Interview with Edna Andrade. Personal interview. Philadelphia, April 29, 1987. http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-edna-andrade-13203
  4. Hu, Joseph. “Edna Andrade : Biography | Locks Gallery.” Accessed April 22, 2015. http://www.locksgallery.com/artists.php?aid=1 Archived 2013-12-03 at the Wayback Machine.
  5. Rosenberg, Amy S. “An Op Art original.” The Philadelphia Inquirer, January 11, 2007.
  6. "Past Exhibitions > Edna Andrade: Optical Paintings, 1963-1986 - ICA - Institute of Contemporary Art - Philadelphia, PA". Icaphila.org. 2003-04-06. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
  7. Art, Philadelphia Museum of. "Philadelphia Museum of Art - Collections : Search Collections". Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  8. "MACBA - Collections". Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
  9. "Edna Andrade Bio - Locks Gallery". Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
  10. "Edna Andrade papers, 1917-1995". Archives of American Art. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
  11. Ann Sutherland Harris, “Cool Waves and Hot Blocks: The Art of Edna Andrade,” Woman’s Art Journal 15 (1995): 59.
  12. Ann Fabri, “Edna Andrade at ICA and Locks,” Art in America 91 (2003): 171.
  13. "Past Exhibitions > Edna Andrade: Optical Paintings, 1963-1986 - ICA - Institute of Contemporary Art - Philadelphia, PA". Icaphila.org. 2003-04-06. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
  14. Rosenberg, Amy S. “An outpouring of art.” The Philadelphia Inquirer, September 14, 2012.
  15. Institute of Contemporary Art. Edna Andrade: Optical Paintings, 1963-1986. exh. cat., text by Debra Bricker Balken and Ingrid Schaffner. Philadelphia. 2003.
  16. Amy S. Rosenberg (January 11, 2007). "An Op Art original Over the decades, Edna Andrade created stunning canvases of complex visual images. Now, a new swirl of attention is coming her way". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  17. Locks Gallery (2007-02-24). "Edna Andrade: Optical Paintings, 1960-1966 : Selected Works". Locks Gallery. Archived from the original on 2012-03-22. Retrieved 2013-04-20.
  18. "Close At Hand: Philadelphia Artists from the Permanent Collection - Fabric Workshop and Museum". Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  19. "The Print Center". Retrieved 29 January 2017.

Edna Andrade Monograph University of Pennsylvania Press
the Edna Andrade Estate is represented by the Locks Gallery, Philadelphia

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