Eccremocarpus scaber

Eccremocarpus scaber, the Chilean glory-flower or Chilean glory creeper,[1] is a species of perennial plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is found in Chile.[2]

Eccremocarpus scaber
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Bignoniaceae
Genus: Eccremocarpus
Species:
E. scaber
Binomial name
Eccremocarpus scaber
Ruiz & Pav.

Species description

Chilean glory creepers are a many branched perennial vine or climbing shrub with a woody base that is evergreen or deciduous in colder climates.[3] The plant has thin pinnate leaves alternating on the stem and leaflets that are light green.[4] The leaves can have small fine hairs but are mostly glaborous. Leaves are 2 cm long with the younger branches hosting 2 leaves and the older branches having 3-7 leaflets.[5] Leaf shape is oval with obvious pinnate structured veins, size of leaves may vary. Flowers consist of a tubular structure with rounded petals rounding back at the tip and bright orange-red outer rings with a red centre.[6] Tendrils have the ability to 'hook' onto surroundings for grip and structure support. Flowering from September to May with a glossy, oval wrinkled fruit capsule that contains black seeds and a prominent wing helping with wind dispersal. Fragments of the stem can also spread seeds. The fruit capsule size is roughly 4.5 high by 2 cm girth.[7] This climbing vine is considered a weed in New Zealand which is recognised by the National Pest Plant Accord. It gets this reputation due to its rapid growth and large amounts of seed production, combined with the nature of its growth habits i.e. covering growth of smaller plants and trees which can be of native species. Varieties with pink, yellow or deep scarlet flowers are also available.[8]

Geographic distribution and habitat

Chilean glory creeper vines tend to prefer forest edges, roadsides and waste areas where there is abundant sun and the ability to drain well, being located on the outskirts it can tolerate some shade. Areas such as the North Island and warmer temperatures of the south island i.e. Canterbury, southland and central Otago.[9]

Natural global range

Native to Chile these include Chilean Andes, Peru, Colombia, equador, the Americas and Mediterranean Europe (tropical climates).[10]

New Zealand range

Grown as an annual plant, it cannot tolerate too-cool climates, nor is it winter hardy. Generally found in the forest outskirts of the North Islands and the South Islands warmer climates of Canterbury and Otago.[11]

Habitat preferences

Preferring warmer, well-drained areas, they are generally found on the outskirts of forests, roadsides and waste areas requiring a soil ph. of 5.5-7.5. These vines thrive wherever conditions are right and so much so they are considered a pest/weed, yet are generally employed as an ornamental.[12]

Life cycle/phenology (timing of events)

The Chilean glory vine is a (half) hardy evergreen perennial vine that flowers in summer and should be planted in mid-spring after the last of the winter extremes. Taking around 8 weeks to germinate at 16 to 21 degrees centigrade. The speed at which growth can occur can be as much as 8–10 feet. Flowering continuously from spring to autumn. At the first planting stage the plants are not hardy enough to survive a harsh winter however if the roots are shaded by another plant and the tops are getting adequate sun they may die down (foliage can survive the winter) and reappear larger and stronger the following year. With this in mind they are considered perennials but many gardeners will grow them as annuals. Consisting of four stems and growing in clusters of 4 to 6 inches long, Eccremocarpus scaber flowers from late spring to autumn. Watering habits should be refined and only when needed (do not overwater). Regarding suitable growing habitats if no suitable areas are outside start off in a greenhouse to mimic a milder environment. Sow in the later dates of winter or early spring. To take root tip cuttings for cloning and reestablishment, take in spring or summer. Can flower the first year if planted early. Do not let soil dry out.[13]

Predators, parasites and diseases

When growing, parasites to be aware of are spider mites when grown outside and whiteflies if you are using a greenhouse. Green fly may be present but generally disease free.[14]

Other information

An award-winning vine (the prestigious RHS award of garden Merit (AGM)) is a welcome addition to any gardener's collection weaving through a trellis, fencing, decking other roses and clematis (leather flower) this vine is considered to be gold within the ornamental gardener's community.

History

Eccremocarpus was first described in 1794 by Ruiz and Pavon, who soon after 1798 described two species Eccremocarpus viridis from Peru and E. scaber from Chile"[15]

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References
  1. "BSBI List 2007". Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  2. "Eccremocarpus scaber in Tropicos".
  3. "Flora of New Zealand | Taxon Profile | Eccremocarpus scaber". nzflora.info. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
  4. "Flora of New Zealand | Taxon Profile | Eccremocarpus scaber". nzflora.info. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
  5. "Flora of New Zealand | Taxon Profile | Eccremocarpus scaber". nzflora.info. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
  6. "Eccremocarpus scaber | New Zealand Plant Conservation Network". www.nzpcn.org.nz. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
  7. "Eccremocarpus scaber | New Zealand Plant Conservation Network". www.nzpcn.org.nz. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
  8. "Flora of New Zealand | Taxon Profile | Eccremocarpus scaber". nzflora.info. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
  9. Wilson, K. L.; Webb, C. J.; Sykes, W. R.; Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1990). "Flora of New Zealand Volume IV: Naturalised Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons". Kew Bulletin. 45 (3): 602. doi:10.2307/4110535. ISSN 0075-5974. JSTOR 4110535.
  10. Wilson, K. L.; Webb, C. J.; Sykes, W. R.; Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1990). "Flora of New Zealand Volume IV: Naturalised Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons". Kew Bulletin. 45 (3): 602. doi:10.2307/4110535. ISSN 0075-5974. JSTOR 4110535.
  11. Wilson, K. L.; Webb, C. J.; Sykes, W. R.; Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1990). "Flora of New Zealand Volume IV: Naturalised Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons". Kew Bulletin. 45 (3): 602. doi:10.2307/4110535. ISSN 0075-5974. JSTOR 4110535.
  12. "T.E.R:R.A.I.N - Taranaki Educational Resource: Research, Analysis and Information Network - Eccremocarpus scaber (Chilean glory creeper)". www.terrain.net.nz. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
  13. Wilson, K. L.; Webb, C. J.; Sykes, W. R.; Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1990). "Flora of New Zealand Volume IV: Naturalised Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons". Kew Bulletin. 45 (3): 602. doi:10.2307/4110535. ISSN 0075-5974. JSTOR 4110535.
  14. Wilson, K. L.; Webb, C. J.; Sykes, W. R.; Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1990). "Flora of New Zealand Volume IV: Naturalised Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons". Kew Bulletin. 45 (3): 602. doi:10.2307/4110535. ISSN 0075-5974. JSTOR 4110535.
  15. Hill, Arthur W. (February 1915). "The History and Functions of Botanic Gardens". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 2 (1/2): 185–240. doi:10.2307/2990033. hdl:2027/hvd.32044102800596. ISSN 0026-6493. JSTOR 2990033.
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