Ebenezer Prout

Ebenezer Prout (/praʊt/; 1 March 1835 – 5 December 1909) was an English musical theorist, writer, teacher and composer, whose instruction, afterwards embodied in a series of standard works still used today, underpinned the work of many British classical musicians of succeeding generations.

Ebenezer Prout in the late 1890s

Career

Prout was born in Oundle. He studied piano under Charles Salaman, but was otherwise self-taught. He attended the University of London intended for a career as a scholar, but chose to follow one in music through his love of it. From 1861 to 1873 he was organist of the Union Chapel, Islington. From 1861 to 1885 he was professor of the piano at the Crystal Palace School of Art.[1] He was awarded first prizes for a string quartet (1862) and a pianoforte quartet (1865) by the Society of British Musicians. In 1871–74 he became Editor of the Monthly Musical Record, and in 1874–79 was music critic for the Academy. In 1863 he was one of the first twenty-one members of the Royal College of Organists.[2]

In 1879 he was appointed professor of harmony and composition at Royal Academy of Music in London, and became music critic of the Athenaeum. In 1884 he became professor at the Guildhall School of Music. In 1894 he was appointed Professor of Music in the University of Dublin, being awarded an Honorary Mus.Doc. in the following year. During this period he not only trained his students but delivered memorable public lecture series, notably one on the Bach cantatas illustrated by singers whom he had trained.

Also to this period belong his principal theoretical works, which became classics and were translated into many languages. Prout produced editions of many of the classics, not least the Handel oratorios. He was directly connected with the rediscovery of the original wind parts for Messiah, from which new full and vocal scores were introduced by him to the Royal Society of Musicians in 1902. He was furthermore a composer of concert, church and chamber music.

As an editor, Prout reflected the practices of his own time in that he felt justified in replacing Handel's phrasing and expression marks with his own preferences. In this respect Prout differed from his contemporary Friedrich Chrysander, who was the first to produce an edition attempting to convey the composer's own intentions.

Among Prout's many students were Arthur Goring Thomas, Eugen d'Albert, John Waterhouse, Henry Wood and Edward German. See: List of music students by teacher: N to Q#Ebenezer Prout.

Prout married Julia West in 1861, and they had five children, Florence (1862–1921), Louis Beethoven (1864–1944), Edith Julia (1867–1913), Alice (1869–1870) and Alice Ellen (1871–1957). Louis Beethoven was a writer on musical theory, having trained under his father at the Royal Academy, and becoming professor at the Guildhall School. Louis Beethoven Prout's principal works are an Analysis of Bach's 48 Fugues (Weekes); Harmonic Analysis (Augener); Sidelights on Harmony (Augener); and Time, Rhythm and Expression (Augener). Like his sister Alice Ellen, he was also an entomologist, being a foremost authority on the Geometridae, or geometer moths.[3]

Ebenezer Prout died in Canterbury.

Compositions
Orchestral
  • Concerto No. 1 in E minor for organ and orchestra, Op. 5
  • Concerto No. 2 in E♭ major for organ and orchestra, Op. 35
  • Minuet and Trio for orchestra, Op. 14
  • Suite de ballet for orchestra, Op. 28 (1892)
  • Symphony No. 1 in C Minor (1874, lost)
  • Symphony No. 2 in G Minor (1876)
  • Symphony No. 3 in F major, Op. 22 (1885)
  • Symphony No. 4 in D Major (1886)
Chamber and instrumental
  • Concertante Duet in A major for piano and harmonium
  • Piano Quartet No. 1 in C major, Op. 2 (1865)
  • Piano Quartet No. 2 in F major, Op. 18
  • Piano Quintet in G major, Op. 3
  • Romance in F major for viola and piano, Op. 32
  • Sonata for organ, Op. 4
  • Sonata for flute and piano, Op. 17 (1883)
  • Sonata in D major for clarinet (or viola) and piano, Op. 26 (1890)
  • String Quartet No. 1, Op. 1
  • String Quartet No. 2 in B♭ major, Op. 15
  • Organ arrangements
Vocal
  • Magnificat for solo voices, chorus and orchestra, Op. 7
  • Evening Service (Magnificat and Nunc dimittis) in E♭ major for solo quartet, chorus, orchestra and organ, Op. 8
  • Hereward (Hereward the Wake), Dramatic Cantata, Op. 12; words by William Grist
  • The Morning and Evening Service Together with the Office for the Holy Communion, Set to Music in the Key of F, Op. 13
  • Alfred (King Alfred), Dramatic Cantata, Op. 16; words by William Grist
  • Freedom, Ode for baritone solo, chorus and orchestra, Op. 20; words by Peter Taylor Forsyth
  • Queen Aimée, or The Maiden's Crown, Cantata for female voices (soli and chorus) and piano, Op. 21; words by Jetty Vogel
  • The Hundredth Psalm for soprano solo, chorus and orchestra (organ ad lib.), Op. 23
  • The Red Cross Knight, Dramatic Cantata in 6 scenes, Op. 24; words by William Grist
  • Damon and Phintias, Dramatic Cantata for male voices (soli and chorus) and orchestra, Op. 25; words by R.W. Bloor

Theoretical works
  • Harmony, its Theory and Practice (1889, rev. 1901: 20 editions by 1903)
  • Counterpoint (1890)
  • Double Counterpoint and Canon (1891)
  • Fugue (1891)[4]
  • Fugal Analysis (1892)
  • Musical Form (1893)
  • Applied Forms (1895)
  • The Orchestra, Vol. I (1898)
  • The Orchestra, Vol. II (1899)

Mnemonics for fugal subjects

Prout is also remembered for fitting whimsical words to the main subjects of J. S. Bach's fugues, and in particular all of the fugues from Bach's 48 Preludes and Fugues.[5][6]

Notes
  1. Rosemary Williamson, Prout, Ebenezer Oxford Music Online
  2. Charles William Pearce, A Biographical Sketch of Edmund Hart Turpin,1911
  3. Edward Alfred Cockayne (1944). "Obituary". The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. 56: 28. Retrieved 25 January 2012.
  4. Fugue. Greenwood Press, Ney York. 1969. ISBN 0-8371-1872-7. Retrieved 11 February 2014. at WorldCat.org
  5. 'Prout's words for the Fugue Subjects of Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier': Prout's words for the Fugue Subjects of Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier 22 Feb 2003, everything2.com accessed 7 May 2019
  6. Emma Lomax. "Ebenezer Prout's Words for Bach's '48'". Archived from the original on 22 April 2005. Retrieved 7 May 2019.

Sources
  • A. Eaglefield-Hull, A Dictionary of Modern Music and Musicians (Dent, London 1924).
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