Eastern Air Lines Flight 537

Eastern Air Lines Flight 537, registration N88727, was a Douglas DC-4 aircraft en route from Boston, Massachusetts to Washington, D.C. via intermediate points on November 1, 1949. NX-26927 was a Lockheed P-38 Lightning being test-flown for acceptance by the Government of Bolivia by Erick Rios Bridoux of the Bolivian Air Force. The two aircraft collided in mid-air at an altitude of 300 feet about half a mile southwest of the threshold of Runway 3 at Washington National Airport, killing all 55 aboard the DC-4 and seriously injuring the pilot of the P-38.[2][3] At the time it was the deadliest airliner incident in United States history.[4][5][6]

Eastern Air Lines Flight 537
Accident
DateNovember 1, 1949
SummaryMid-air collision
SiteAlexandria, Virginia, United States
38°50.1′N 77°02.7′W
Total fatalities55
Total injuries1
Total survivors1
First aircraft

An Eastern Air Lines Douglas DC-4, similar to the one involved in the crash
TypeDouglas DC-4
OperatorEastern Air Lines
RegistrationN88727[1]
Flight originLaGuardia Airport, Queens, New York
DestinationWashington-National Airport, DC
Occupants55
Passengers51
Crew4
Fatalities55
Survivors0
Second aircraft

A Lockheed P-38J Lightning, the type involved in the crash
TypeLockheed P-38L Lightning
OperatorLockheed
RegistrationNX-26927
Occupants1
Crew1
Fatalities0
Injuries1
Survivors1

The tower controllers on duty that day at National testified that the P-38 had taken off on Runway 3, turned left north of The Pentagon, circled over Arlington, then returned, requesting permission to land due to engine trouble. The controller cleared the aircraft to join the left traffic pattern, but instead it flew south of the airport and entered a long straight-in approach at the same time Flight 537 was turning onto a shorter final. The controller then called Flight 537 ordering it to turn left; it began the turn, but by then the P-38, being considerably faster than a DC-4 on final, overtook the aircraft 1/2 mile southwest of the threshold of Runway 3.[2]

The DC-4 was cut in half by the left propeller of the P-38 just forward of the trailing edge of the wing. The aft portion of the DC-4 fell to the ground on the west bank of the Potomac River; other pieces were located in Alexandria, Virginia at the Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad Potomac Yard and on a highway passing near the Yard. The fore portion of the aircraft fell into the river, as did the P-38.[2]

"Many hours following the collision of an Eastern Air Lines passenger transport and a Bolivian fighter plane, the search went on today under the glare of floodlights for the nine passengers whose bodies had not yet been recovered.

"Shocked Members of Congress, stunned by the loss of one of their own number (Dem. George J. Bates), promised a complete air safety investigation. The Civil Aeronautics Board said its hearings into the cause of the crash will start in a few days. The airline scheduled a probe of its own, as well. The disaster occurred as the big DC-4 transport headed into the National Airport for a landing shortly before noon, flying at about 300 feet.

"Into the traffic pattern, calling for landing instructions, came a P-38 fighter piloted by Bolivia's top airman, Erick Rios Bridoux. Bridoux was testing the twin-engine craft which his government had purchased from the United States. An airport tower operator a bare half-mile away saw the P-38 bear down on the transport. He cried a radio warning to the 28-year-old Bolivian, but the P-38 kept coming. Then the tower frantically signalled the transport. The DC-4 pilot swerved the big ship from its path, but too late. The fighter ripped into it from above and from the side. The airliner split in half. Bodies and wreckage fell into the water and along the bank of the Potomac."

— Nov. 2, 1949 edition of The St. Joseph (Mich.) Herald-Press

Air Force Sergeant Morris J. Flounlacker hauled the weakly treading Bridoux out of the Potomac, just as the wounded pilot lost consciousness. At Alexandria Hospital, doctors found he had a broken back, crushed ribs and serious contusions.[4]

Bridoux contradicted much of the tower controllers' testimony when he spoke to Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) investigators. He claimed he had taken off from Runway 36, had been in constant contact with the tower, and had been explicitly cleared to land on Runway 3 under the call sign "Bolivian 927". However, the testimony of both the tower personnel and a military controller listening in on the frequency from his position at Bolling Air Force Base (as well as other discrepancies in the P-38 pilot's testimony) led the CAB to discount Bridoux's version of events.[2] As Bridoux spoke and understood English well, it was thought that language difficulties played no part in the accident.

The CAB determined the primary probable causes of the accident to be the P-38 pilot's decision to land without proper clearance and his failure to exercise normal vigilance in looking out for conflicting traffic.[5] The CAB also found that the tower controllers failed to exercise due vigilance in not notifying the pilots of Flight 537 earlier as to the critical traffic situation developing. However, the report also states that even if Flight 537 had received earlier advice with respect to the P-38's location, it might still have been too late to avoid the accident, as Bridoux's actions left Flight 537 only a few seconds in which to turn.[2]

Among the dead on Flight 537 were Congressman George J. Bates, New Yorker cartoonist Helen E. Hokinson, and former Congressman Michael J. Kennedy.[4][7]

See also
  • List of sole survivors of airline accidents or incidents

References
  1. "FAA Registry (N88727)". Federal Aviation Administration.
  2. "CAB report for November 1, 1949 accident involving N88727, Docket No. SA-202, File No. 1-0138" (PDF). Civil Aeronautics Board. September 22, 1950. Retrieved November 15, 2009. (plain text version Archived August 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine also available)
    (if links above fail to load report, visit http://dotlibrary.specialcollection.net and select "Historical Aircraft Accident Reports (1934-1965)", then retry report links)
  3. "Planes Collide in Air, 55 Killed". The Decatur Herald. Decatur, IL. AP. November 2, 1949. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. Bolivia 927! Turn Left. TIME, November 14, 1949. Retrieved August 25, 2009
  5. Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network
  6. Nick Komons (August 1989). Air Progress: 65. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. "Congressman, N.Y. Executives, Die in Crash". The Decatur Herald. Decatur, IL. AP. November 2, 1949. Retrieved December 22, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
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