Duluth South Breakwater Inner Light

The Duluth South Breakwater Inner Light is a lighthouse on the south breakwater of the Duluth Ship Canal in Duluth, Minnesota, United States. It forms a range with the Duluth South Breakwater Outer Light to guide ships into the canal from Lake Superior. The current structure was built from 1900 to 1901.[5]

Duluth South Breakwater Inner Light
The Duluth South Breakwater Inner Light from the southwest
LocationSouth Breakwater, south pier of the Duluth Ship Canal, Duluth, Minnesota
Coordinates46°46′43.4″N 92°5′31.3″W
Year first constructed1889
Year first lit1889 (first tower)
1901 (current tower)
Automated1976
FoundationConcrete pier (current)
ConstructionSteel/cast iron
Tower shapeSkeletal tower
Markings / patternBlack with white lantern
Tower height70 ft (21 m)
Focal height68 ft (21 m)
Original lensFourth order Fresnel lens
Range15 nautical mile 
CharacteristicFl W 5s 
USCG number7-15860[1][2][3]
Heritageplace listed on the National Register of Historic Places 
Duluth South Breakwater Inner (Duluth Range Rear) Lighthouse
Area0.3 acres (0.12 ha)
MPSU.S. Coast Guard Lighthouses and Light Stations on the Great Lakes TR
NRHP reference No.83000945[4]
Added to NRHPAugust 4, 1983

History

The original configuration of the breakwaters was graced by a tower on the south side of the lake entrance in 1874, shortly after the canal was constructed.[6] Requests for funds to construct a corresponding light on the inner end of the breakwater were made beginning in 1880, but an appropriation was not made until 1889.[3][6] Construction proceeded quickly on an open wooden pyramidal tower surmounted by a watch room and iron lantern, the latter housing a fourth-order Fresnel lens which rotated to provide a six-second flash; the light was first displayed in September 1 of that year.[3][6] On the 17th, the India struck the end of the breakwater, but the damage to the light was minor and quickly repaired.[3]

The first rear light circa 1893

The reconstruction of the canal as part of the 1896 harbor upgrade forced rearrangement and replacement of the lights. The south breakwater was rebuilt with concrete piers from 1898 to 1900 and, upon completion, temporary lights were erected while new permanent lights were built.[6] A new rear tower was constructed, standing at the edge of the pier near the lake shore. This structure, a square three-stage skeletal pyramid with a central cylindrical enclosed staircase, was originally painted white with a black lantern and watchroom;[3] at some point, however, the color scheme was reversed to the current black tower and white lantern.[3] The original lens was reused, but was replaced with a modern acrylic flasher in 1995 when it was found in need of repair.[3] The lens was given to the Lake Superior Maritime Visitor Center, where it was restored and put on display.[6]

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Duluth South Breakwater Inner (Duluth Range Rear) Lighthouse in 1983 for its local significance in the themes of commerce, engineering, and transportation.[7] It was nominated for being one of the federal navigation aids essential to the development of the Great Lakes as the nation's most important transportation system in the 19th and early 20th centuries.[8]

The light remains in service, but in 2008 the tower was sold at auction to a pair of Duluth residents after an offer to donate it to educational or non-profit organizations found no takers.[6]

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See also

References
  1. Light List, Volume VII, Great Lakes (PDF). Light List. United States Coast Guard. 2012. p. 150.
  2. "Historic Light Station Information and Photography: Minnesota". United States Coast Guard Historian's Office. Archived from the original on 2017-05-01.
  3. Pepper, Terry (2007-12-02). "Duluth Rear Range Light". Seeing the Light: Lighthouses of the western Great Lakes. Retrieved 2019-04-20.
  4. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  5. Hyde, Charles K. (1979-07-02). "HAER Inventory: Duluth South Breakwater Inner (Duluth Rear Range) Lighthouse". Historic American Engineering Record. Retrieved 2019-04-20. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. Anderson, Kraig (2019). "Duluth Harbor South Breakwater Inner, MN". Lighthousefriends.com. Retrieved 2019-04-20.
  7. "Duluth South Breakwater Inner Lighthouse". Minnesota National Register Properties Database. Minnesota Historical Society. 2009. Retrieved 2019-04-20.
  8. Hyde, Charles K. (1979-10-15). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory -- Nomination Form: United States Coast Guard Lighthouses and Light Stations on the Great Lakes". National Park Service. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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