Duke Farms

Duke Farms is an estate that was established by James Buchanan Duke, an American entrepreneur who founded Duke Power and the American Tobacco Company. Located in Hillsborough, New Jersey the property is managed by the Doris Duke Foundation after the death of Doris Duke, the second owner. After extensive reorganization "Duke Farms" was opened to the public on May 19, 2012.

Duke Farms
Raritan Valley Farm
The Farm Barn building, now the Orientation Center
Duke Farms
Location of Duke Farms within Somerset County.
(Inset: location of Somerset County in NJ)
TypeNature reserve, park
LocationHillsborough, New Jersey
Nearest cityNew Brunswick, New Jersey
Coordinates40.544852°N 74.624059°W / 40.544852; -74.624059[1]
Area2,700 acres (1,100 ha) (total)
343 acres (139 ha) (open to public)
Elevation98 feet (30 m)[2]
OpenedRaritan Valley Farm: 1893 (1893)
Duke Farms: 1899 (1899)
Duke Farms & Gardens: 2012 (2012)
ClosedRaritan Valley Farm: 1899 (1899)
Duke Farms: 1915 (1915)
FounderJames Buchanan Duke
DesignerJ.B. Duke
Doris Duke
Operated byDoris Duke Charitable Foundation
OpenNov 1-Mar31: 8:30am-4:30pm
Apr 1-Oct 31: 8:30am-6:00pm
Closed Wednesdays
StatusOperational
Plantssee Duke Gardens for details
Parking365 spots
Websitedukefarms.org

History

Starting in 1893, "Buck" Duke started to buy land next to the Raritan River in rural New Jersey. His vision was to create a farm similar to those in North Carolina where he had grown up. He engaged a number of architects and engineers to fulfill his dream, including Buckenham & Miller, James Leal Greenleaf and Elizabeth Biddle Shipman. Eventually he had assembled about 2,700 acres (11 km²) of farm and wood lands that contained 45 buildings, 9 lakes, 18 miles of roads, 810 acres of woodlands, 464 acres of grassland bird habitat and 1.5 miles of stone walls.[3][4]

Duke died in 1925, and his 12-year-old daughter, Doris Duke, gained control of the property after suing her mother.[5] She restored it and moved in at the age of fifteen.[5] She was very invested in the property and made it her main residence. She incorporated innovative ecological farming methods she learned from Louis Bromfield's Malabar Farm. Starting in 1958 she created and designed over a five-year period a unique botanical display in the Horace Trumbauer conservatory and greenhouses known as Duke Gardens.[6] Duke Gardens opened to the public in 1964. Doris Duke died in 1993.

Duke Farms as park for the public
Further information: Duke Gardens (New Jersey)
The Orchid Range

Duke Farms is owned by the Duke Farms Foundation (DFF) that was established in 1998 to manage the estate. The Foundation, in turn, is part of the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. A decision was made to renovate the estate as "a model of environmental stewardship in the 21st Century and (to) inspire visitors to become informed stewards of the land."[7] While reorganizing the estate little was accessible to the public. In 2008, the DFF created some controversy when it permanently closed Duke Gardens demolishing the indoor display gardens that had been created by Doris Duke.[6] Over the years, the DFF created new indoor and outdoor display gardens that are eco-friendly, use native plants, and are wheelchair accessible. In the process of rehabilitation numerous invasive foreign plants were removed including Norwegian maple and Asian Ailanthus and replaced by native species. The property has a number of notable trees, including four of the ten oldest trees of New Jersey,[8] and two champion trees, a Northern Red Oak and an Amur Cork Tree.[9] On May 19, 2012, Duke Farms opened to the public. After a $45-million renovation, Duke Farms now include 30 endangared species and 230 varieties of birds, among which are the great blue heron and the bald eagle.[10][11] As part of the rehabilitation the conservatory and greenhouses known as the Orchid Range were renovated and became more energy-efficient. The Farm Barn was remodeled to become the Orientation Center.

In 2016, the mansion where Doris Duke lived was demolished in order to open up the north side of the property.[12]

gollark: @Tronzoid is it really?
gollark: @SolarFlame5 yes.
gollark: It wâs.
gollark: Destroy all lakes.
gollark: So slow print fast?

See also

References
  1. "About Us". Duke Farms. Duke Farms Foundation. Archived from the original on 31 October 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  2. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Duke Estate
  3. DDCF. "Duke Farms". Archived from the original on April 23, 2010. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
  4. Zernike, Kate (2012-05-03). "An Oasis, Once Gilded, Now Greened". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  5. Pony Duke. Too Rich. The Family Secrets of Doris Duke. HapersCollins, 1996. p. 65. ISBN 0-06-017218-5.
  6. Carla Giannobile (April 2, 2008). "Gardens at Duke Farms to close, then reopen a shade greener". Retrieved March 22, 2010.
  7. DFF. "Duke Farms (Official website)". Archived from the original on April 2, 2010. Retrieved March 22, 2010.
  8. New Jersey Leisure Guide.com. "Duke Farms. A Model of Environmental Stewardship". Retrieved March 22, 2010.
  9. Melinda Nye. "State Champs". Retrieved March 23, 2010.
  10. Zernike, Kate (2012-05-03). "An Oasis, Once Gilded, Now Greened". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  11. Tarrazi, Alexis (2019-03-27). "Bald Eagle Eggs Expected To Hatch Any Day At Duke Farms". Hillsborough, NJ Patch. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  12. http://www.nj.com/somerset/index.ssf/2016/04/doris_duke_mansion_has_been_razed_stones_columns_p.html
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