Domiothelina

Domiothelina is a clade of avicularioid mygalomorph spiders first proposed by Robert J. Raven in 1985, based on a morphological cladistic analysis. Raven characterized the clade by a number of shared features, including the domed apical segment of the posterior lateral spinnerets.[1] The clade has been supported to some degree by subsequent molecular analyses, although with a somewhat different composition.[2][3][4]

Domiothelina
Cteniza sauvagesi
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Mygalomorphae
Clade: Bipectina
Clade: Domiothelina
Raven, 1985 (as a "megapicoorder")[1]
Families

See text.

Taxonomy

The clade Domiothelina was first proposed by Robert J. Raven in 1985, based on a purely morphological cladistic analysis. Raven characterized the clade by a number of shared features, including the domed apical segment of the posterior lateral spinnerets (hence the name of the clade), a preliminary stage in the reduction of teeth on the claws, and the presence of an outer row of teeth on the cheliceral margin.[1] The clade was supported by some subsequent analyses, including those that included molecular evidence, although with somewhat different family compositions.[2][3][5] Spinneret morphology has been shown not to be useful for higher level classification in mygalomorph spiders, which now relies largely on molecular evidence.[4]

Phylogeny

The preferred cladogram from a 2020 phylogenetic study of the Mygalomorphae is shown below. Domiothelina was resolved as one of the clades basal to the largest clade in the Bipectina, Crassitarsae. Some nodes within Bipectina had lower support (marked ♦ below), but Domiothelina was well supported.[4]

Avicularioidea
 

Basal families (6)

 
Bipectina
 

Paratropididae

 
 
♦
♦
 

Stasimopidae

 
Venom Clade
 

Atracidae

 
 

Actinopodidae

 
 
 
Domiothelina
 

Halonoproctidae

 
 
 

Migidae

 
 
 

Idiopidae

 
 
 

Ctenizidae

 
 

Euctenizidae

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Crassitarsae (10 families)

 
 
 
 

Domiothelina is estimated to have diverged from its sister clade around 161–145 Ma (the end of the Jurassic).[4] The ancestor of the Avicularioidea probably used a sheet web to aid in prey capture. Most extant members of the Bipectina clade, including Domiothelina, have instead a burrow with one or more trapdoors and radial alarm threads. Trapdoors have been shown to reduce foraging efficiency, but may serve as protection from predators or adverse environmental factors. Reduced selection pressure may explain why the euctenizid genus Apomastus has lost trapdoors and has an open burrow.[4]

Families

According to Opatova et al. (2020), the clade includes the following families (as circumscribed by them):[4]

gollark: It's a backwards shop.
gollark: I do buy *manually* when I'm on.
gollark: To maintain a monopoly.
gollark: Hydronitrogen is keeping the code closed source.
gollark: I don't have a sell shop.

References
  1. Raven, Robert J. (1985), "The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae) : cladistics and systematics", Bulletin of the AMNH, 182, retrieved 2016-01-18
  2. Hedin, Marshal & Bond, Jason E. (2006), "Molecular phylogenetics of the spider infraorder Mygalomorphae using nuclear rRNA genes (18S and 28S): Conflict and agreement with the current system of classification", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 41 (2): 454–471, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.05.017
  3. Bond, Jason E.; Hendrixson, Brent E.; Hamilton, Chris A. & Hedin, Marshal (2012), "A Reconsideration of the Classification of the Spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Arachnida: Araneae) Based on Three Nuclear Genes and Morphology", PLoS ONE, 7 (6): e38753, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038753
  4. Opatova, Vera; Hamilton, Chris A.; Hedin, Marshal; Montes De Oca, Lauren; Král, Jiři; Bond, Jason E. (2019), "Phylogenetic Systematics and Evolution of the Spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae Using Genomic Scale Data", Systematic Biology, 69 (4): 671–707, doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz064
  5. Bond, Jason E.; Garrison, Nicole L.; Hamilton, Chris A.; Godwin, Rebecca L.; Hedin, Marshal & Agnarsson, Ingi (2014), "Phylogenomics Resolves a Spider Backbone Phylogeny and Rejects a Prevailing Paradigm for Orb Web Evolution", Current Biology, 24 (15): 1765–1771, doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.034
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