Diloma

Diloma is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Trochidae, the top snails.[2]

Diloma
A shell of Diloma subrostrata
FIve views of a fossil shell of Diloma orientalis (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Clade: Vetigastropoda
Order: Trochida
Superfamily: Trochoidea
Family: Trochidae
Genus: Diloma
Philippi, 1845[1]
Type species
Turbo nigerrimus Gmelin, 1791
Species

See text

Synonyms[2]
  • Anisodiloma Finlay, 1926
  • Cavodiloma Finlay, 1926
  • Fractarmilla Finlay, 1926
  • Melagraphia Gray, 1847
  • Neodiloma P. Fischer, 1885
  • Zediloma Finlay, 1926

There is also a genus Diloma, F.H.Wind & P.Cepek, 1979 a genus of phytoplankton in the class Prymnesiophyceae

Description

The solid shell is imperforate and depressed globose. It is slate-colored or black, sometimes (especially if worn) reddish or brownish. The conic spire is short. The apex is acute, usually reddish. The sutures are linear. The five whorls are slightly convex, rapidly increasing and spirally obsoletely striate. The body whorl is usually depressed or subconcave below the suture. The base of the shell is rounded, eroded and iridescent in front of the aperture. The aperture is huge, oblique iridescent. The outer lip is rather thin, not black-margined within; but bordered by a brilliantly iridescent band; The columella is concave, obsoletely subdentate below, very broad and flattened or excavated on the face. It is composed principally of an opaque white layer which also lines the base but does not extend to the edge of the lip. The length of the shell varies between 15 mm and 26 mm. Its diameter varies between 17 mm and 24 mm.[3]

Distribution

This genus occurs in the Indo-Pacific, including New Zealand, Japan, and other areas [4].


Species

Phylogram of the species in the genus Diloma[4]:

Diloma
 
 

Diloma samoaense Schwabe & Barclay, 2003

 
 

Diloma radula (Philippi, 1849)

 
 
 
 
 

Diloma aethiops Gmelin, 1791

 
 

Diloma subrostrata (Gray in Yate, 1835)

 
 
 
 

Diloma concamerata (Wood, 1828)

 
 
 

Diloma zelandica (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)

 
 
 
 

Diloma crusoeana (Pilsbry, 1889)

 
 

Diloma nigerrima (Gmelin, 1791)

 
 
 
 

Diloma bicanaliculatum (Dunker, 1844)

 
 
 

Diloma arida (Finlay, 1927)

 
 

Diloma coracina (Philippi, 1851)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Other species in the genus not included in the phylogram include[5][6]:

Species brought into synonymy:

  • Diloma constellatum Souverbie, 1863: synonym of Austrocochlea constellata (Souverbie, 1863)
  • Diloma coracina Suter, H., 1909: synonym of Diloma arida (Finlay, 1927)
  • Diloma gaimardi Hutton: synonym of Diloma aethiops Gmelin, 1791
  • Diloma impervia (Menke, 1843): synonym of Oxystele impervia (Menke, 1843)
  • Diloma piperinum (Philippi, 1849): synonym of Austrocochlea piperina (Philippi, 1849)
  • Diloma sinensis (Gmelin, 1791) :synonym of Oxystele sinensis (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Diloma suavis (Philippi, 1849): synonym of Pictodiloma suavis (Philippi, 1849)
  • Diloma tabularis (Krauss, 1848): synonym of Oxystele tabularis (Krauss, 1848)
  • Diloma tigrina (Anton, 1838): synonym of Oxystele tigrina (Anton, 1838)
  • Diloma variegata (Anton, 1838): synonym of Oxystele variegata (Anton, 1838)
  • Diloma novaezelandiae Anton, 1839: synonym of Diloma subrostrata (Gray in Yate, 1835)
  • Diloma (Chlorodiloma) millelineata (Bonnett, 1864): synonym of Chlorodiloma millelineata (Bonnett, 1864)
  • Diloma (Fractarmilla) lenior Finlay, H.J., 1927: synonym of Diloma bicanaliculata (Dunker, 1844)
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References
  1. Philippi R. A. (1845). Abb. u. Beschr. Conch. 1(8): 188.
  2. Bouchet, P. (2010). Diloma Philippi, 1845. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=391149 on 2011-07-02
  3. Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia
  4. Donald, Kirsten M.; Kennedy, Martyn; Spencer, Hamish G. (2005). "The phylogeny and taxonomy of austral monodontine topshells (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae), inferred from DNA sequences☆". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (2): 474–483. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.011.
  5. "Diloma". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  6. Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
  7. Spencer H. G., Marshall B. A. & Waters J. M. (2009). "Systematics and phylogeny of a new cryptic species of Diloma Philippi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae) from a novel habitat, the bull kelp holdfast communities of southern New Zealand". Invertebrate Systematics 23: 19-25. doi:10.1071/IS08030. PDF.
  • Williams S.T., Karube S. & Ozawa T. (2008) Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined. Zoologica Scripta 37: 483–506
  • Media related to Diloma at Wikimedia Commons
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