Dick Raaymakers

Dick Raaijmakers (also Raaymakers; 1 September 1930 – 4 September 2013)[1] was a Dutch composer, theater maker and theorist. He was known as a pioneer in the field of electronic music and tape music. In addition, he realized numerous music theater pieces, art installations, and has published many theoretical essays.

Biography

Raaymakers was born in Maastricht and studied the piano at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague. From 1954 to 1960 he worked in the field of electro-acoustic research at the NatLab of Royal Philips Electronics Ltd. in Eindhoven.[1] Using the alias Kid Baltan (Dik NatLab reversed), he and Tom Dissevelt formed Electrosoniks and produced some of the very first electronic pop music.[2][3] The most important LP of these two artists is The Fascinating World Of Electronic Music published in Netherlands in 1959. Two years before, one of the tracks on the album (Song of the 2nd Moon) was published separately. Nine years later was the launch of the US version of the LP entitled Song Of The Second Moon. Jean-Jacques Perrey visited them at the time and cited them as an inspiration.[2] From 1960 to 1962 he held an appointment as scientific staff member at the University of Utrecht. From 1963 to 1966 he collaborated with Jan Boerman in his own studio for electronic music in the Hague. He was one of the co-founders of STEIM, the STudio for Electro-Instrumental Music.[4] In 1966 he founded the electronic music studio at the Royal Conservatory of the Hague[5] and lectured on electronic and contemporary music until his retirement in 1995. From 1991 he taught music theatre at the Image and Sound Interfaculty at the same conservatory. He died on the third of September, 2013. His archives are preserved at the Netherlands Music Institute.[6]

Works
Performance of The Fall of Mussolini, Westergasfabriek, Amsterdam, May–June 1995
Performance of The Fall of Mussolini, Westergasfabriek, Amsterdam, May–June 1995

Raaymakers' oeuvre covers a wide variety of genres and styles, varying from sound animations for films to extremely abstract pulse structures, from "action music" to infinite voice patterns, from electro-acoustic tableaux vivants to extracts of music theatre. He is considered as someone who combines disciplines such as visual art, film, literature and theatre with the world of music. Raaymakers has created numerous electronic compositions, "instructional pieces" for string ensembles, phono-kinetic objects, "graphic methods" for tractor and bicycle, "operations" for tape, film, theatre, percussion ensemble, museum and performance, artworks for offices and conservatory, and many soundscape compositions and music theatre productions, including some for the Holland Festival and for theatre company Hollandia. His theoretical essays are evidence of his profound interest in special inter-media connections. For instance, in his latest publication Cahier M (2000) Raaymakers elaborated upon the connections he saw between the 19th-century French physiologist Étienne-Jules Marey, composer Pierre Boulez, architect Iannis Xenakis and the musical views of Piet Mondrian.

One of his most important books is The Method (1985), in which he describes in an exact but also poetic way how motion, cause and effect and their perception are interrelated.

Awards

Raaymakers received several awards for his contribution to the development of visual arts and music in the Netherlands: in 1992 from the Foundation for Lifetime Achievement Awards for Visual Arts, Design and Architecture (BKBV),[7] in 1985 and 1994 the Matthijs Vermeulen Award[8] and in 1995 the Ouborg Award for his lifetime achievements from the City of The Hague.[9] In late 1995 the biennial "Festival in de Branding" was dedicated exclusively to Raaymakers' musical and visual work. The 2014-2015 season of the festival will once again be dedicated to him.[10] In 2004 he received a lifetime achievement award from the Johan Wagenaar Foundation and an honorary doctorate from the University of Leiden.[10][11] In November 2011 Raaymakers received the Witteveen+Bos Award for Art+Technology for his entire oeuvre.[12]

Oeuvre

Music theatre productions and works of art
  • The Art of Opening an Exhibition (1966)
  • Radioproject (1966–1967) Radio Project
  • Balade Erlkönig (1967) Erlkönig Ballad
  • Grafisch kwartet (1968) Graphic Quartet
  • Kwartet (1971) Quartet
  • Kwartet heiliger Dankgesang (2000) Quartett heiliger Dankgesang
  • Nachtmuziek (1969) Night Music
  • Schaakmuziek (1969) Chess Music
  • Ideofoon 1 (1970–1973) Ideophone 1
  • Ideofoon 2 (1970–1973) Ideophone 2
  • Ideofoon 3 (1970–1973) Ideophone 3
  • Chairman Mao Is Our Guide (1970)
  • De lange mars (1971) The Long March
  • Mao leve! (1977) May Mao Live!
  • Kwintet (1972–1976) Quintet
  • Actio in distans (1977)
  • De grafische methode tractor (1976) The Graphic Method Tractor
  • De grafische methode fiets (1979) The Graphic Method Bicycle
  • De kunst van het machinelezen (1978) The Art of Reading Machines
  • Shhh! (1981)
  • The Microman (1982)
  • Ow! (1983–1984)
  • Soundmen (1984)
  • Come On! (1984)
  • The Soundwall (1982–1984)
  • Hey-hey! (1990) Hey-Hey!
  • Ping-pong (1983–1996) Ping Pong
  • Extase (1984) Extacy
  • Acht labielen (1984–1985) Eight Labiles
  • Scheuermachine (1985) Scheuer Machine
  • Der Stein (1995)
  • Scheuer im Haag (1995)
  • Tombeau de Glenn Gould (1989)
  • Der Fall Leiermann (1991)
  • Dépons/Der Fall (1992)
  • Der Fall/Dépons (1993)
  • Intona (1991)
  • Fort-klank (1993) Fort Sound
  • Probe (1993)
  • De val van Mussolini (1995) The Fall of Mussolini
  • Hermans hand (1995) Hermans Hand
  • Volta (1995)
  • Konzert für ... (1997–2000) Concert for ...
  • Proefneming met een tabakspijp (1998–1999) Experiment with a Tobacco Pipe
  • De weergave (2000) The Rendition
  • Ritueel moment (2005) Ritual Moment

Compositions
  • Song of the 2nd Moon (1957)
  • Tweeklank (1959) Contrast
  • Pianoforte (1960)
  • Vijf Plastieken (1961) Five Sculptures
  • Canon-1, super augere (1964)
  • Canon-2, super imprimere (1964)
  • Canon-3, super addere (1965)
  • Canon-4, super sub-trahere (1965/66)
  • Canon-5, super ‘dis-moi …’ (1967)
  • Ballade Erlkönig voor Luidsprekers (1967) Erlkönig Ballad for Loudspeakers
  • Filmmuziek-1: Mechanical Motions (1960)
  • Filmmuziek-2: Bekaert (1966)
  • Filmmuziek-3: Sidmar (1969)
  • Chairman Mao Is Our Guide (1970)
  • De lange mars (1971) The Long March
  • Mao Leve! (1977) May Mao Live!
  • Ach! Ach! (1987) My! My!
  • Plumes (1967)
  • Flux (1967)
  • Lied van de Arbeid (1976) Ode to Labor
  • Kwartet (1971) Quartet
  • Ping-pong (1983) Ping Pong
  • Der Fall Leiermann (1991)
  • Du Armer! (1993)
  • Vier Fanfares (1995) Four Fanfares

Selected publications
  • Raaijmakers, Dick (2000). Cahier 'M': A Brief Morphology of Electric Sound. Collected Writings of the Orpheus Institute Series. Leuven University Press. ISBN 9789058670762.
  • Raaijmakers, Dick (2009). Method. Edited and translated by Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei. Eindhoven: Onomatopee. ISBN 978-90-78454-35-9.
  • Raaijmakers, Dick (2010). The Destructive Character. Edited and translated by Vincent W.J. van Gerven Oei. Eindhoven: Onomatopee. ISBN 9789078454663.

Discography

Much of his early work has been re-issued on the Basta label:

  • The Fascinating World Of Electronic Music By Kid Baltan And Tom Dissevelt (1959)
  • Song Of The Second Moon: The Sonic Vibrations Of Tom Dissevelt & Kid Baltan (1968)
  • Dick Raaijmakers - Complete Tape Music - 3 CD box, Basta #3091 562
  • Tom Dissevelt, Kid Baltan, Henk Badings and Dick Raaijmakers - Popular Electronics. Early Dutch Electronic Music from Philips Research Laboratories 1956-1963 - 4 CD Box, Basta #3091 412
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References
  1. Mulder, Arjen; Brouwer, Joke (2008), Dick Raaijmakers: a monograph, V2_ publishing, ISBN 978-90-5662-600-6
  2. Brend, Mark (2012). The Sound of Tomorrow: How Electronic Music Was Smuggled into the Mainstream. USA: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 49–50. ISBN 9781623561536.
  3. Collins, Nicholas; Schedel, Margaret; Wilson, Scott (2013). Electronic Music. Cambridge Introductions to Music. Cambridge University Press. pp. 83–85. ISBN 9781107010932.
  4. Montgomery, Will (February 2013). "Machines for Living". The Wire: 28–35.
  5. Adlington, Robert (2013). Composing Dissent: Avant-garde Music in 1960s Amsterdam. Oxford University Press. p. 280. ISBN 9780199981014.
  6. "Raaijmakers, Dick". Nederlands Muziek Instituut. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  7. Algera, Kirsten; Jongsma, Mayke, eds. (1992). Oeuvre prijzen 1992 : Jan Bons, Charlotte van Pallandt, Dick Raaijmakers, Hein Salomonson, Ad Windig. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Stichting Fonds voor Beeldende kunsten, Vormgeving en Bouwkunst.
  8. "The Matthijs Vermeulen Award". Performing Arts Fund. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  9. "Ouborgprijs 1995: Dick Raaijmakers". September 1995. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  10. "Inleiding op het Raaijmakers-seizoen 2014-2015". Dag in de Branding (in Dutch). Johan Wagenaar Stichting. Archived from the original on 4 November 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  11. "Dick Raaijmakers krijgt eredoctoraat Universiteit Leiden" (Press release) (in Dutch). University of Leiden. 19 November 2004. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
  12. Tazelaar, Kees (2011). Witteveen+Bos-prijs voor Kunst+Techniek 2011 - Dick Raaijmakers (PDF). Witteveen+Bos. ISBN 978-94-90335-00-7.
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