Goinqên

Goinqên (Tibetan: Gönqên, Chinese: 更庆镇; pinyin: Gēngqìng Zhèn), frequently referred less strictly as Derge (Tibetan: སྡེ་དགེ་, Wylie: sde dge, ZYPY: Dê(r)gê , Khams Tibetan: Ddê(r)ggê; Chinese: 德格; pinyin: Dege) is a seat of Dêgê County in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan, China. It was once the center of the Kingdom of Derge in Kham.

Goinqên
Town
Tibetan transcription(s)
 • Tibetan pinyinGönqên
Chinese transcription(s)
 • PinyinGēngqìng
CountryChina
ProvinceSichuan
PrefectureGarzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Time zoneUTC+8 (CST)
Parkhang, Derge, Kham in 2012

History
See also: Kingdom of Derge

Historically, Derge, which means "land of mercy", was an important centre of Tibetan culture, along with places such as Lhasa and Xiahe. Derge was formerly the seat of the kings of the kingdom of Derge, whose 1300-year lineage was broken with the death of the last male heir in the 1990s.[1] The kingdom was an important industrial, religious and political center in Eastern Tibet. In the early 20th century, the kingdom fell into political struggle between the final heirs to the throne, Djembel Rinch'en and Doje Senkel.[2] The latter, who had enjoyed the backing of the Chinese, yielded the kingdom to China in 1908 in exchange for the ousting of his rival.[2] The palace of the Derge kings was subsequently converted into a school.[3]

Culture
The famous typography of Derge, Sichuan, China, photographed by italian writer Mario Biondi in July 2009

The town of Derge is famous for its three-storey printing house, or the parkhang associated to the Goinqên Monastery, built in 1729, where the Kangyur, a collection of Buddhist scriptures, and the Tengyur, a collection of commentaries, are still printed from wooden blocks.[3] It was established during the reign of Derge king Tenpa Tsering.[2] Derge has produced artists such as the Situ Panchen, the 8th Tai Situpa who was a renowned Buddhist master who helped revive Tibetan culture and language, and aided King Tenpa Tsering in setting up the Derge Parkhang or Derge printing house. The printing house, which is administered by the Religious Affairs Bureau, continues to use its ancient techniques, and utilizes no machines in the printing process.

It has been estimated that the 217,000 blocks stored at Derge comprise 70% of the Tibetan literary heritage. The Derge editions are considered especially high quality, with few typographical errors.[4]

Derge printing house in 2015

Derge County contains several historic Tibetan monasteries, notably Palpung Monastery, Gongchen Monastery, Kathok Monastery, Palyul Monastery, Shechen Monastery and Dzogchen Monastery.

gollark: Ignoring the whole fundamental values differences issue, saying something is objective(ly) right because it's generated by evolutionary processes and not humans is… odd. I mean, the bible has tons of contradictory competitors.
gollark: And I don't think you can have objective morality at all, is-ought problem and such.
gollark: No, negative utilitarianism bad.
gollark: ℚ you, utterly.
gollark: It would be a complicated and slow economic thing and not just "hmmmm, let us declare war now" (not that that would resolve fast either).

References
  1. McCue, Gary (1999). Trekking in Tibet: A Traveler's Guide (2 ed.). The Mountaineers Bookl. p. 239. ISBN 0-89886-662-6. Derge kingdom.
  2. Dorje, Gyurme (1999). Tibet Handbook: The Travel Guide (2, illustrated, revised ed.). Footprint Travel Guides. p. 469. ISBN 1-900949-33-4.
  3. McCue, 241.
  4. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-09-08. Retrieved 2009-02-16.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

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