Denis Wright

Sir Denis Arthur Hepworth Wright, GCMG (23 March 1911 – 18 May 2005) was a British diplomat. A long-serving ambassador to Iran, Wright's expertise and knowledge of Iran and Persian culture led him to write and edit several books on the region, as well as conduct a covert mission to inform the deposed Shah of Iran that he would not be granted asylum in Britain.

For the English brass band composer, see Denis Wright (composer).

Sir Denis Wright GCMG
British Ambassador to Iran
In office 1963–1971
Preceded by	Sir Geoffrey Harrison
Succeeded by	Sir Peter Ramsbotham
British Ambassador to Ethiopia
In office 1959–1962
Preceded by	Geoffrey Furlonge
Succeeded by	Sir John Russell
Personal details
Born	Denis Arthur Hepworth Wright (1911-03-23)23 March 1911 Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England
Died	18 May 2005(2005-05-18) (aged 94) Haddenham, Buckinghamshire, England
Spouse(s)	Iona Carmen Craig ( m. 1939)
Relations	Michael Wright (brother)
Alma mater	St Edmund Hall, Oxford
Occupation	Diplomat

Early life and education

Wright was born in 1911 in Kingston upon Thames (then in the county of Surrey), at the house of his father's parents. His father, Arthur Edgar Wright, was assistant director of public works in Hong Kong, where Wright spent his childhood attending the Peak School. In 1921, he returned with his family to England, where he attended Brentwood School in Essex.[1]

From 1930 to 1932, Wright studied at the University of Oxford, reading modern history at St Edmund Hall, in which he graduated with a second-class degree. At the Oxford University Labour Club, Wright met Iona Craig, and they became engaged in 1938.[1]

Diplomatic career

Wright unsuccessfully applied for a cadetship with the Colonial Service, then worked for a time in advertising and for the Gallahers tobacco company. Whilst on holiday in Romania in 1939, he was recruited by the British consul in Constanța to undertake economic work for the embassy while Romania sat on the brink of war.[2] His fiancée Iona joined him in Romania, and they were married at the consulate that year. In 1940, Wright was posted to the British embassy in Bucharest, then left Romania in 1941 when the country joined the Axis Powers and ended relations with Britain. Wright was then transferred to Turkey, where he served as vice-consul in Trabzon, earning a commendation from the embassy in Ankara, and in 1943, he was appointed acting consul in the port city of Mersin.[1]

At the end of World War II, Wright returned to London where he worked for the Ottoman Bank, however he soon resigned and joined the British Foreign Service. His first posting was in Belgrade from 1946 to 1948, then as a trade consul in Chicago. In 1951, he returned to the UK to serve as the head of economic relations for the Foreign Office. In 1953, he was sent to Iran to re-open the British embassy there, after the overthrow of Mohammad Mosaddegh's government in a coup d'etat, which began his long association with the country.[1]

Appointed CMG in 1954, Wright was granted his first ambassadorship in 1959, becoming the British Ambassador to Ethiopia. He returned to the Foreign Office briefly, and then returned to Iran as the British Ambassador in 1963. He was knighted KCMG in 1961, and elevated to GCMG on his retirement in 1971.[1]

Post-retirement

After retiring from the Foreign Service, Wright used his expertise on Iran and Persia to author two books on the region: The English amongst the Persians (1977) and The Persians amongst the English (1985). He also contributed to the 1969 book Persia by James Morris and Roger Wood.[1] In 1972, he was made an Honorary Fellow of his old Oxford college, St Edmund Hall, and of St Antony's College in 1975.[2] He was also a contributor to the Encyclopædia Iranica.[3]

In May 1979, Wright was asked by Sir Anthony Parsons of the Foreign Office to carry out a covert mission due to his close relationship with the last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who had just been deposed in the Iranian Revolution.[4][5] The new British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, was concerned that she had given the Shah the impression (whilst Leader of the Opposition) that he would be granted asylum in the UK—unable to convince her Cabinet and the Foreign Office to grant such a request, Thatcher wished to inform the Shah of the news via a trusted emissary (Wright).[5] Several sources, including newspaper obituaries of Wright, say that their meeting took place on Paradise Island in the Bahamas, with Wright travelling under the false identity of "Edward Wilson".[2][5][6] However, in his memoir Constantinople and Istanbul: 72 Years of Life in Turkey, Wright's former colleague in Ankara, Sidney Nowill, asserted that these stories were "contradictory and unbelievable"—that the Shah was imprisoned in Tehran at the time (although the false identity part was true, as Wright was concerned about possible ramifications due to his directorship of the Shell Oil Company)—and were probably concocted for the press by the D-Notice Committee,[7] although the BBC[4] and The Guardian[8] reported in 2009 that the release of official documents from The National Archives confirmed Wright's meeting with the Shah in the Bahamas.[9]

Wright died from prostate cancer at his home in Haddenham, Buckinghamshire on 18 May 2005.[5]

References

1. John Graham: ‘Wright, Sir Denis Arthur Hepworth (1911–2005)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Jan 2009. Accessed 10 December 2013.
2. Alan Campbell: Sir Denis Wright, The Guardian, 23 May 2005.
3. Sir Denis Wright (b. 1911), diplomat and scholar, British ambassador to Iran (1963-71), a contributor to the Encyclopaedia Iranica, author of The English Among the Persians (1977), and The Persians Among the English (1985), dies. iranicaonline.org
4. "Papers reveal Britain's anxiety over Iranian Shah". BBC News. 30 December 2009. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
5. "Obituary: Sir Denis Wright". The Telegraph. 21 May 2005. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
6. Milani, Abbas (2001). The Shah. Macmillan. ISBN 9780230115620.
7. Nowill, Sidney E.P. (2011). Constantinople and Istanbul : 72 years of life in Turkey. Leicester: Matador. pp. 66–67. ISBN 1848767919.
8. Bowcott, Owen (30 December 2009). "National archives: how Britain told deposed Shah of Iran to stay away". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
9. "Position of the Shah of Iran and Pahvali family: question of entry into the UK". Records of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and predecessors. National Archives. Retrieved 11 December 2013.

Further reading

• Sir Denis Wright, GCMG, British Diplomatic Oral History Programme, Churchill Archive Centre, University of Cambridge
• Wright, Iona (1997). Black Sea Bride. Upton upon Severn: Square One. ISBN 9781899955268. (Memoirs of Denis Wright's wife, Iona Wright)

External links

• Bromide print of Sir Denis Wright in the National Portrait Gallery

Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Geoffrey Furlonge	British Ambassador to Ethiopia 1959–1962	Succeeded by Sir John Russell
Preceded by Sir Geoffrey Harrison	British Ambassador to Iran 1963–1971	Succeeded by Sir Peter Ramsbotham