Daniel Gooch

Sir Daniel Gooch, 1st Baronet (24 August 1816 – 15 October 1889) was an English railway locomotive and transatlantic cable engineer and Conservative politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1865 to 1885. He was the first Superintendent of Locomotive Engines on the Great Western Railway from 1837 to 1864 and its chairman from 1865 to 1889.

For other people named Daniel Gooch, see Daniel Gooch (disambiguation).

Sir Daniel Gooch, Bt
Sir Daniel Gooch, 1866 engraving
(The Illustrated London News)
Born(1816-08-24)24 August 1816
Bedlington, Northumberland, England
Died15 October 1889(1889-10-15) (aged 73)
NationalityEnglish
OccupationEngineer
Engineering career
ProjectsGreat Western Railway
Transatlantic telegraph cable

Early life

Gooch was born in Bedlington, Northumberland, the son of John Gooch, an ironfounder, and his wife Anna Longridge.[1] In 1831 his family moved to Tredegar Ironworks, Monmouthshire, South Wales, where his father had accepted a managerial post, and it was there that Daniel would begin training under Thomas Ellis senior, who together with Ironmaster Samuel Homfray and Richard Trevithick pioneered steam railway locomotion. Gooch wrote in his diaries "Large works of this kind are by far the best school for a young engineer to get a general knowledge of what he needs in after life." and "...I look back upon the time spent at Tredegar as by far the most important years of my life...".[2] He trained in engineering with a variety of companies, including a period with Robert Stephenson and Company, in Newcastle upon Tyne, as a draughtsman. At the age of 20 he was recruited by Isambard Kingdom Brunel for the Great Western Railway, under the title "Superintendent of Locomotive Engines", taking office on 18 August 1837.[3]

Whilst working in Newcastle he met his future wife, Margaret Tanner, the daughter of Henry Tanner, a Sunderland shipowner. He stayed in touch with Margaret when he moved south to work for Brunel.

Railway engineer

In Gooch's earliest days with the Great Western Railway, he struggled to keep the miscellaneous collection of 7 ft 1⁄4 in (2,140 mm) broad gauge steam locomotives previously ordered by Brunel in working order. When working at Robert Stephenson and Company, he had helped design two 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) gauge locomotives for the New Orleans Railway, which had never been delivered. Gooch persuaded Brunel to buy the two locomotives, North Star and Morning Star, and had Stephenson convert them to 7 ft 1⁄4 in (2,140 mm) gauge before delivery. As the only reliable locomotives that the company had at that time, they were the basis of the GWR Star Class. He and Brunel improved the blastpipe arrangement of the North Star to improve its fuel efficiency. Eventually Gooch moved on from the Star class and designed the new GWR Firefly Class of 2-2-2 express passenger locomotives, introduced in 1840. In comparative trials by the Gauge Commissioners, Ixion of this class proved capable of speeds greater than its 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge challenger. In 1843 Gooch introduced a new form of locomotive valve gear.

In 1840, Gooch was responsible for identifying the site of Swindon Works and in 1846 for designing the first complete locomotive to be constructed there, Great Western, prototype of the GWR Iron Duke Class of 4-2-2 locomotives, which were able to achieve 70 miles per hour (110 km/h). Much renewed, they lasted to the end of the GWR broad gauge era. Though Gooch's locomotives were principally for the broad gauge, between 1854 and 1864 he also had to design a number of standard gauge classes for the GWR's new Northern Division. In 1864 he resigned from his post of Locomotive Superintendent, though he continued as a member of the GWR Board.

Cable engineer and other roles

From 1859 Gooch lived at Clewer Park in Windsor and was a Deputy Lieutenant for Berkshire.[1] In 1865, he was recalled to the Great Western Railway Company as Chairman. He was also chief engineer of the Telegraph Construction & Maintenance Company. In this role, he was instrumental in laying the first successful transatlantic telegraph cable, using the SS Great Eastern (1865/66).

Political career

In 1865, while out of the country laying the cable, Gooch was elected Conservative MP for Cricklade.[4] He held the seat until 1885.[5]

Later business activities

In 1866 Gooch was created a baronet in recognition of his cable work.[6] In 1868 he became chairman of the Telegraph Construction & Maintenance Company after John Pender, the first chairman, resigned. He led the Great Western Railway out of near-bankruptcy and took a particular interest in construction of the Severn Tunnel. Final abandonment of the broad gauge did not take place until after his death at the age of 73.

Family

Gooch married Margaret Tanner in 1838. Following her death in 1868, he married Emily Burder in 1870; she died in 1901. His brothers, John Viret Gooch, Thomas Longridge Gooch and William Frederick Gooch, were also railway engineers.

Legacy

GWR Castle Class steam loco no. 5070 and British Rail Western Region class 47 diesel loco no. D1663 (later 47078) were both named Sir Daniel Gooch. Continuing with this tradition, the present Great Western Railway company has named class 800 no. 800004 after Gooch; it runs on the line that Gooch helped to create. A pub in Bayswater, London was named the Daniel Gooch; it closed in 2016[7]

gollark: Muahahaha. I have stolen the unit "corrector" bot.
gollark: This is the worst I have seen <#477912057560432680> in some time.
gollark: No, I mean GitHub Pages works fine so it should be secure.
gollark: GitHub Pages works, so it should be fine.
gollark: CNAME would probably be good enough for most things. People can do HTTPS by using HTTP-based verification as normal.

References
  1. Mair 1881, p. 93.
  2. Gooch 1892, p. 20.
  3. MacDermot 1927, p. 51.
  4. Seatrobe 2012.
  5. Channon 2013.
  6. "No. 23183". The London Gazette. 13 November 1866. p. 5994.
  7. http://www.closedpubs.co.uk/london/w2_bayswater_danielgooch.html

Further reading
Business positions
Preceded by
None		 Superintendent of Locomotive Engines
on the Great Western Railway
1837 – 1864		 Succeeded by
Joseph Armstrong
Preceded by
Richard Potter		 Chairman of the Great Western Railway
1865 – 1889		 Succeeded by
Frederick Saunders
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
Ambrose Lethbridge Goddard
Lord Ashley		 Member of Parliament for Cricklade
1865 – 1885
With: Ambrose Lethbridge Goddard 1865–1868
Frederick William Cadogan 1868–1874
Ambrose Lethbridge Goddard 1874–1880
Nevil Story-Maskelyne 1880–1885
(representation reduced to one member 1885)		 Succeeded by
Nevil Story-Maskelyne
Baronetage of the United Kingdom
New creation Baronet
(of Clewer Park)
1866 – 1889		 Succeeded by
Henry Daniel Gooch
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