Danaus melanippus

Danaus melanippus, the black veined tiger, white tiger, common tiger, or eastern common tiger, is a butterfly species found in tropical Asia which belongs to the "crows and tigers", that is, the danaine group of the brush-footed butterflies family.

Black veined tiger
Topside
Underside
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Nymphalidae
Genus: Danaus
Species:
D. melanippus
Binomial name
Danaus melanippus
(Cramer, [1777])
Subspecies

See text

It ranges from Assam in eastern India through South-East Asia south to Indonesia, and eastwards to the Philippines and through southern China to Taiwan.[1][2] It has around 17 subspecies, and its closest relative is the Malay tiger, Danaus affinis.[2]

Subspecies

Listed alphabetically:[3]

  • D. m. celebensis (Staudinger, 1889) – northern Sulawesi
  • D. m. edmondii (Bougainville, 1837) – Philippines
  • D. m. edwardi (van Eecke, 1914) – Simeulue
  • D. m. eurydice (Butler, 1884) – Nias
  • D. m. haruhasa Doherty, 1891 – Sumbawa - Alor
  • D. m. hegesippus (Cramer, [1777]) – Peninsular Malaya, Langkawi, Singapore, Sumatra, Bangka, Belitung
  • D. m. indicus (Fruhstorfer, 1899) – eastern India - Thailand, Indo-China
  • D. m. keteus (Hagen, 1898) – Mentawai
  • D. m. kotoshonis Matsumura, 1929 – Taiwan
  • D. m. lotina (Fruhstorfer, 1904) – Natuna Island
  • D. m. lotis (Cramer, [1779])
  • D. m. melanippus (Cramer, [1777]) – Java
  • D. m. meridionigra Martin, [1914] – central Sulawesi
  • D. m. nesippus (Felder, 1862) – Nicobars
  • D. m. pietersi (Doherty, 1891) – Enggano
  • D. m. umbrosus Fruhstorfer, 1906 – Pualu Tello
gollark: <@301092081827577866>Answering questions in the order I read them.
gollark: 8 (personal preference). Ugly syntax
gollark: 7 (mostly due to 1, 2). reliance on code generation as a poor alternative to macros.
gollark: 6 (partly cultural). User/implementer divide. Only the people who write the standard library get to use generics, `recover`, etc. And no.user type can get make, new, channel syntax, generics.
gollark: 1. Lack of generics mean that you can either pick abstraction or type safety. Not a nice choice to have to make.2. The language is horrendously verbose and discourages abstraction.3. Weird special cases - make, new, some stuff having generics, channel syntax4. It's not new. They just basically took C, added a garbage collector and concurrency, and called it amazing.5. Horrible dependency management with GOPATH though they are fixing that.

See also

References
  1. Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
  2. Smith, David A. S.; Lushai, Gugs & Allen, John A. (2005). A classification of Danaus butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based upon data from morphology and DNA. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 144(2): 191–212. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00169.x (HTML abstract)
  3. "Danaus Kluk, 1780" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
  • Gaonkar, Harish (1996). Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a Threatened Mountain System. Bangalore, India: Centre for Ecological Sciences.
  • Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac David; Punetha, Jagdish Chandra (1992). Common Butterflies of India. Nature Guides. Bombay, India: World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195631647.
  • Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
  • Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. ISBN 978-8173713545.
  • Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.


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