DB Class 23

The steam locomotives of Class 23 were German passenger train locomotives developed in the 1950s for the Deutsche Bundesbahn. They had a 2-6-2 wheel arrangement and were equipped with Class 2'2' T 31 tenders. They were designed to replace the once ubiquitous Prussian P 8 engines that had been built between 1908 and 1924 and, in their day, were the most numerous post-war replacement class.[1]

DB Class 23
Class 23 in Darmstadt-Kranichstein
Number(s)	23 001–105
Quantity	105
Manufacturer	Henschel & Sohn (29) Arnold Jung Lokomotivfabrik (51) Krupp (21) Maschinenfabrik Esslingen (4)
Year(s) of manufacture	1950–1959
Retired	by 1976
Wheel arrangement	2-6-2
Axle arrangement	1′C1′ h2
Type	P 35.18
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 ^1⁄2 in)
Length over buffers	21,325 mm (69 ft 11 ^1⁄2 in)
Service weight	82.8 tonnes (81.5 long tons; 91.3 short tons)
Adhesive weight	56.0 tonnes (55.1 long tons; 61.7 short tons)
Axle load	18.7 tonnes (18.4 long tons; 20.6 short tons)
Top speed	forwards: 110 km/h (68 mph) backwards: 85 km/h (53 mph)
Driving wheel diameter	1,750 mm (5 ft 8 ^7⁄8 in)
Leading wheel diameter	1,000 mm (3 ft 3 ^3⁄8 in)
Trailing wheel diameter	1,250 mm (4 ft 1 ^1⁄4 in)
No. of cylinders	Two, outside
Cylinder bore	550 mm (21 ^5⁄8 in)
Piston stroke	660 mm (26 in)
Boiler Overpressure	16 kg/cm^2 (1.57 MPa; 228 psi)
Grate area	3.11 m^2 (33.5 sq ft)
Superheater area	73.80 m^2 (794.4 sq ft)
Evaporative heating area	156.28 m^2 (1,682.2 sq ft)
Water capacity	30 m^3 (1,100 cu ft) or 30,000 litres (6,600 imp gal; 7,900 US gal)
Fuel	Coal: 8 tonnes (7.9 long tons; 8.8 short tons)
Train control	Heusinger

Manufacture and Design

A class 023 working in the Moselle Valley, Easter 1972

From 1950, 105 examples of this newly designed class were manufactured for medium passenger train and light express train services. They had welded locomotive frames, boilers and tenders together with all the latest refinements of German practice. These included a superheated multiple-valve regulator and central lubrication of the least accessible parts of the running gear. Engines up to operating number 023 had Knorr surface preheaters and journal bearings. Locomotives with serial numbers 024 and 025, as well as those from 053 onwards were equipped with roller bearings for the axles and drive as well as mixer-preheaters. A small number of vehicles were given Heinl preheaters and several were equipped for push-pull train operations.

Last new steam locomotive in West Germany

Locomotive number 23 105, built by Arnold Jung Lokomotivfabrik and taken into service by the DB in December 1959, was the last steam engine to enter service in the Federal Republic of Germany. After its retirement it was stabled at the Nuremberg Transport Museum where it was severely damaged by the great fire in the locomotive shed on 17 October 2005.

Reclassification and retirement

On the introduction of the new DB numbering scheme on 1 January 1968 the class was redesignated as Class 023. The last few locomotives were retired in 1976 at Crailsheim locomotive depot (Bahnbetriebswerk or Bw).

Preserved locomotives

The following engines had been preserved as at September 2006:

• 23 019 in the German Steam Locomotive Museum (Deutsche Dampflokomotiv-Museum) at Neuenmarkt-Wirsberg in Upper Franconia, Bavaria, Germany.
• 23 023 at the Stoom Stichting Nederland in Rotterdam, Netherlands (operational since march 2019).
• 23 029 as a monument in front of the technical school in Aalen, Germany.
• 23 042 at the Darmstadt-Kranichstein Railway Museum in Hesse, Germany (operational).

• 23 058 with EUROVAPOR in Basel-Haltingen, Switzerland, is looked after by Club 41 073 e. V. (operational). Rented to the Friese Stoomtrein Maatschappij (FStM) in the Netherlands.
• 23 071 with the Veluwsche Stoomtrein Maatschappij in Apeldoorn, Netherlands (operational).
• 23 076 also with the Veluwsche Stoomtrein Maatschappij in Apeldoorn (operational since June 2007).
• 23 105 in the South German Railway Museum at Heilbronn (Süddeutsches Eisenbahnmuseum Heilbronn) in Baden-Württemberg, Germany (on loan from the DB until 2016).

• Steam special with locomotive 23 042 on 13 May 2007
• 
  On the Koblenz – Neuwied line
• 
  Approach to Urmitz halt...
• 
  ... in front of the Rhine bridge
• 
  Driving and trailing wheels of locomotive 23 042

See also

• Deutsche Bundesbahn
• List of DB locomotives and railbuses

References

1. Ransome-Wallis, P. (1959). Illustrated Encyclopedia of World Railway Locomotives (2001 republication ed.). Dover Publications, Inc. p. 357. ISBN 0-486-41247-4.