Cysteine-rich secretory protein superfamily
The CAP superfamily (cysteine-rich secretory proteins, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1 proteins (CAP)) is a large superfamily of secreted proteins that are produced by a wide range of organisms, including prokaryotes and non-vertebrate eukaryotes.[1][2]
| CAP | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 crystal structure of golgi-associated pr-1 protein | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | CAP | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF00188 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR014044 | ||||||||
| PROSITE | PDOC00835 | ||||||||
| SCOPe | 1s0p / SUPFAM | ||||||||
| Membranome | 209 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Crisp-related | |
|---|---|
 crystal structure of stecrisp, a member of crisp family from trimeresurus stejnegeri refined at 1.6 angstroms resolution: structural relationship of the two domains | |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | Crisp-related |
| InterPro | IPR001283 |
The nine subfamilies of the mammalian CAP superfamily include: the human glioma pathogenesis-related 1 (GLIPR1), Golgi associated pathogenesis related-1 (GAPR1) proteins, peptidase inhibitor 15 (PI15), peptidase inhibitor 16 (PI16), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), CRISP LCCL domain containing 1 (CRISPLD1), CRISP LCCL domain containing 2 (CRISPLD2), mannose receptor like and the R3H domain containing like proteins. Members are most often secreted and have an extracellular endocrine or paracrine function and are involved in processes including the regulation of extracellular matrix and branching morphogenesis, potentially as either proteases or protease inhibitors; in ion channel regulation in fertility; as tumour suppressor or pro-oncogenic genes in tissues including the prostate; and in cell-cell adhesion during fertilisation. The overall protein structural conservation within the CAP superfamily results in fundamentally similar functions for the CAP domain in all members, yet the diversity outside of this core region dramatically alters the target specificity and, thus, the biological consequences.[3] The calcium-chelating function would fit with the various signalling processes (e.g. the CRISP proteins) that members of this family are involved in, and also the sequence and structural evidence of a conserved pocket containing two histidines and a glutamate.[2][4]
Many of these proteins contain a C-terminal Cysteine-rich secretory protein (Crisp) domain. This domain is found in the mammalian reproductive tract and the venom of reptiles, and has been shown to regulate ryanodine receptor calcium signalling.[5] It contains 10 conserved cysteines which are all involved in disulphide bonds and is structurally related to the ion channel inhibitor toxins BgK and ShK.[5]
References
- Yeats, C.; Bentley, S.; Bateman, A. (2003). "New knowledge from old: In silico discovery of novel protein domains in Streptomyces coelicolor". BMC Microbiology. 3: 3. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-3-3. PMC 151604. PMID 12625841.
- Milne, T. J.; Abbenante, G.; Tyndall, J. D.; Halliday, J.; Lewis, R. J. (2003). "Isolation and Characterization of a Cone Snail Protease with Homology to CRISP Proteins of the Pathogenesis-related Protein Superfamily". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (33): 31105–31110. doi:10.1074/jbc.M304843200. PMID 12759345.
- Gibbs, G. M.; Roelants, K.; O'Bryan, M. K. (2008). "The CAP Superfamily: Cysteine-Rich Secretory Proteins, Antigen 5, and Pathogenesis-Related 1 Proteins--Roles in Reproduction, Cancer, and Immune Defense". Endocrine Reviews. 29 (7): 865–897. doi:10.1210/er.2008-0032. PMID 18824526.
- Semb, B. K.; Halvorsen, J. F.; Fossdal, J. E. (1977). "Acute gastric volvulus with necrosis of the stomach and the left lower pulmonary lobe". Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. 143 (4): 256–258. PMID 906761.
- Gibbs GM, Scanlon MJ, Swarbrick J, Curtis S, Gallant E, Dulhunty AF, O'Bryan MK (February 2006). "The cysteine-rich secretory protein domain of Tpx-1 is related to ion channel toxins and regulates ryanodine receptor Ca2+ signaling". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (7): 4156–63. doi:10.1074/jbc.M506849200. PMID 16339766.