Cyclone Onil

Severe Cyclonic Storm Onil (India Meteorological Department designation: ARB 03; Joint Typhoon Warning Center designation: 03A) was the first tropical cyclone to be named in the northern Indian Ocean. Forming out of an area of convection several hundred kilometres southwest of India on October 1, Cyclone Onil quickly attained its peak intensity on October 2 with winds of 100 km/h (65 mph) and a barometric pressure of 990 mbar (hPa; 29.23 inHg). However, dry air quickly entered the system, causing it to rapidly weaken to a depression just off the coast of Gujarat, India. Over the following several days, the system took a slow, erratic track towards the south-southeast. After turning northeastward, the system made landfall near Porbandar on October 10 and dissipated shortly thereafter.

Severe Cyclonic Storm Onil
Severe cyclonic storm (IMD scale)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Cyclone Onil off the coast of Pakistan on October 2
FormedSeptember 30, 2004
DissipatedOctober 3, 2004
(Remnant low after October 10)
Highest winds3-minute sustained: 100 km/h (65 mph)
1-minute sustained: 65 km/h (40 mph)
Lowest pressure990 hPa (mbar); 29.23 inHg
Fatalities9 total, 300 missing
DamageNone
Areas affectedIndia and Pakistan
Part of the 2004 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

Throughout southeastern Pakistan and northwestern India, thousands of residents were evacuated prior to the cyclone's arrival. In these areas, the storm produced moderate to heavy rainfall, peaking at 145 mm (5.7 in) in Thatta, Sindh, Pakistan. These rains led to flash flooding in several areas. Nine people died in several incidents related to the storm in Karachi. The drainage system of Hyderabad sustained significant damage, leading to several protests and demonstrations by city residents. Offshore, 300 fishermen are believed to have gone missing during the storm; no reports have confirmed their whereabouts since they disappeared.

Meteorological history
Map plotting the track and the intensity of the storm, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale

Severe Cyclonic Storm Onil was first identified as an area of convection early on September 30, 2004 situated roughly 465 km (290 mi) southwest of Mumbai, India. Satellite imagery depicted a poorly organized system with deep convection partially surrounding a low-level circulation. Situated over warm water and within an area of moderate wind shear,[1] the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) assessed the system's chances of developing into a tropical cyclone as "fair".[2] Within several hours of being identified, the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) began monitoring the system as Depression ARB 03.[3] Despite a decrease in convection later on September 30,[1] the IMD upgraded the cyclone to a deep depression, stating that three-minute sustained winds had reached 55 km/h (35 mph).[3] Early the next day, organization substantially improved,[1] prompting the JTWC to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert.[2] Around 0900 UTC on October 1, the IMD upgraded the deep depression to Cyclonic Storm Onil.[3] Upon being named, the storm became the first tropical cyclone on record to be named in the northern Indian Ocean. The WMO/ESCAP Panel agreed in May 2004 that in September, tropical cyclones in the Northern Indian Ocean attaining gale-force winds would be given names.[4]

Later on October 1, the JTWC issued their first advisory on the storm, classifying it as Tropical Cyclone 03A.[2] Tracking towards the northeast, Onil intensified as convection consolidated around the center of circulation.[1] Roughly 24 hours after being named, the system attained its peak intensity as a severe cyclonic storm with winds of 100 km/h (65 mph) and a barometric pressure of 990 mbar (hPa; 29.23 inHg) according to the IMD with.[3] Upon reaching this strength, the system featured a pinhole eye surrounded by deep convection. Additionally, Dvorak technique intensity estimates reached 3.5, indicating a high-end tropical storm. However, the JTWC stated maximum winds to be 65 km/h (40 mph), a low-end tropical storm.[2] As the storm neared the Indian coastline, dry air quickly entered the circulation, causing most of the convection associated with Onil to dissipate.[1] Located within 100 km (65 mi) of land, the JTWC downgraded the system to a tropical depression and the IMD downgraded Onil to a deep depression.[2][3]

On October 3, the center of Onil skimmed the coastline of northwestern India; however, the center did not cross land.[1] Around this time, the upper-level circulation detached from the low-level circulation, further weakening the storm.[2] Early on October 4, the JTWC stated that the system had degenerated into a non-convective remnant low pressure system.[5] After executing a counter-clockwise loop, the depression slowly tracked south-southeastward, away from land. By October 7, the system was reclassified as a tropical depression by the JTWC as it stalled several hundred kilometres southwest of Gujarat, India. The system maintained a relatively low intensity for the following several days before making landfall near Porbandar with winds of 45 km/h (30 mph).[5] Within hours of moving inland, Onil dissipated early on October 10.[2]

Impact and aftermath
Microwave satellite image of Cyclone Onil on October 2 depicting the pinhole eye

In northwestern India, thousands of residents were evacuated in fears of Onil striking the region. According to one of the evacuated residents, this was the seventh evacuation due to a cyclone in the area since 1999.[6] On October 10, the storm's remnants brought light to moderate rainfall in India; there was no known rainfall amount exceeding 100 mm (3.9 in) throughout the region.[1]

In southeastern Pakistan, an estimated 6,000 people were evacuated from coastal regions prior to Cyclone Onil's arrival.[1] Port officials warned fishermen not to venture out during the storm due to rough seas.[7] Cyclone Onil brought moderate to heavy rainfall and gusty winds. A maximum of 145 mm (5.7 in) of rain fell in Thatta, Sindh between October 2 and 3.[1] In Hyderabad, heavy rains amounting to 98 mm (3.9 in) caused a 10 ft (3.0 m) section of a drainage system to collapse, prompting the evacuation of several hundred residents.[8][9][10] Throughout Sindh, an estimated 607 square kilometres (234 sq mi) of land was inundated by flood waters, destroying roughly 70% of the cotton crop.[11] In the city of Karachi, nine people were killed in various incidents related to the storm at least 35 mph (56 km/h) winds were reported. Two people were killed after being electrocuted by a downed power line outside their home. Many streets in the city were flooded and power lines were downed.[12] Another one of these people died while trying to clear a drain near her house when a wall collapsed on her.[13] Offshore, 163 fishermen were reported to be missing after being caught in the storm.[14] However, reports from Pakistani officials stated that at least 300 fishermen were missing.[8] In other areas, power was lost for more than 48 hours after Onil moved through the region.[15] Around Karo Gongro, 100 people were stranded along a major roadway after flash flooding struck the area.[16]

In the wake of the storm, Pakistani officials set up 26 relief camps where residents were offered food and shelter.[15] Roughly 3,000 people sought refuge in these shelters.[11] Mobile units were also set up by the District Health Department to minimize the impacts of any post-storm diseases.[15] On October 3, Imtiaz Ahmed Shaikh expressed his grief over the damage caused by Cyclonic Storm Onil and stated that he would be touring the affected region within the following days.[17] At least 40 million Pakistani rupee ($469,000 USD) was allocated in relief funds by Sindh Minister Syed Papoo Shah.[8] On October 4, port officials stated that it was safe for fishermen to resume their activities in the Arabian Sea.[18] Later that day, a rain emergency was declared for Hyderabad and emergency shelters were set up in the city. All officers in the Hyderabad Development Authority who were initially put on leave ahead of the cyclone were told to resume work to assist in clearing drainage systems.[19] Several days after the storm, reports indicated that there were more than 300 instances where the city's drainage system collapsed across the area, resulting in standing water in many structures. Residents in these areas, frustrated by the lack of quick action by the government, began holding protests about the flooding. In response to these protests, Shaukat Hayat Bhutto suspended Assistant Engineer Sewage manager, Qamar Memon, for his negligence on draining flood waters.[20]

gollark: I can mostly only think of food and water as immediately problematic things, and it's still a lot easier to import help when on the ground.
gollark: Terrestrial housing gets breathable air and some degree of temperature control "for free".
gollark: It'll probably be a while before there are actually space habitats that big, and more having to be done technologically probably means more failures.
gollark: If they fail on a space habitat, I probably die horribly and can't easily get help from somewhere nearby.
gollark: If the power or water supply fail here, I'll probably be somewhat uncomfortable until they're restored, but be basically fine, at least as long as they're available somewhere not too far away.

See also

References
  1. Gary Padgett (May 17, 2005). "Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for October 2004". Australia Severe Weather. Retrieved June 10, 2010.
  2. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2005). "2004 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  3. "IMD Best Tracks Data ( 1990 - 2008 )". India Meteorological Department. 2009. Archived from the original on November 16, 2009. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  4. "Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 2009" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. January 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 6, 2010. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  5. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2005). "Tropical Cyclone 03A (Onil) Best Track". Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  6. Rupak Sanyal (October 3, 2004). "Cyclone fear wanes, thousands return home after evacuation in western India". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved June 10, 2010.
  7. Staff Writer (October 3, 2004). "Cyclone hits Sindh coastal line". Pakistani Press International. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  8. Staff Writer (October 3, 2004). "300 Fishermen Missing As Cyclone Calms Down After Dashing Keti Bunder". Pakistani Press International. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  9. Staff Writer (October 3, 2004). "Weather Forecast: Rain/Thunderstorm expected". Pakistani Press International. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  10. Staff Writer (October 3, 2004). "Heavy rainfall lashes out lower Sindh". Pakistani Press International. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  11. Staff Writer (October 4, 2004). "Rain plays havoc in lower Sindh". Dawn. Retrieved June 10, 2010.
  12. Staff Writer (October 3, 2004). "A cyclone in southern Pakistan kills nine people". Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved June 10, 2010.
  13. Staff Writer (October 4, 2004). "District.: Woman dies as the wall collapses". Pakistani Press International. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  14. Staff Writer (October 10, 2004). "Earthweek: Diary of the Planet- Tropical Cyclones". Gainesville Sun. p. 44. Retrieved June 10, 2010.
  15. Staff Writer (October 6, 2004). "Rains, cyclone cause Heavy Losses in southern Pakistan". Pakistan Times. Archived from the original on October 10, 2004. Retrieved June 10, 2010.
  16. Staff Writer (October 3, 2004). "District. (Badin): Arabian sea cyclone hits Sindh coast at 0400 hours on Sunday, thousands of villagers evacuated". Pakistani Press International. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  17. Staff Writer (October 3, 2004). "Imtiaz Shaikh expresses grief over destruction caused by rains". Pakistani Press International. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  18. Staff Writer (October 4, 2004). "Cyclone dissipates, Met. office advises fishermen to resume activities". Pakistani Press International. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  19. Staff Writer (October 4, 2004). "District.(Hyd.): HDA declares emergency". Pakistani Press International. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  20. Staff Writer (October 5, 2004). "District. Residents protest against accumulation of rainwater". Pakistani Press International. Retrieved June 13, 2010.

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