Ilok

Ilok (Croatian pronunciation: [ilok]) is the easternmost town in Croatia. Located in the Syrmia region, it lies on a hill overlooking the Danube river, which forms the border with the Bačka region of Serbia. The population of the settlement of Ilok is 5,072, while the total town population is 6,767 (census 2011). The town is home to a Franciscan monastery and Ilok Castle, which is a popular day trip for domestic tourists.

Ilok
Town
Grad Ilok Town of Ilok
Photographs of Ilok
Coat of arms
Ilok Location of Ilok in Croatia
Coordinates: 45°13′19″N 19°22′31″E
Country	Croatia
Region	Syrmia (Podunavlje)
County	Vukovar-Syrmia
Government
• Mayor	Marina Budimir
Elevation	110 m (360 ft)
Population  (2011)[1]
• Town	6,767
• Urban	5,072
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	32236
Area code(s)	+385 (0)32
Website	ilok.hr

Ilok Castle

Name

In Croatian, the town is known as Ilok, in German as Illok, in Hungarian as Újlak, in Serbian Cyrillic as Илок and in Turkish as Uyluk. In Hungarian language "Újlak" means "new dwelling or lodge".

History

The area of present-day Ilok was populated since the neolithic and Bronze Ages. One Scordisci archaeological site dating back to late La Tène culture was excavated in the 1970s and 1980s as a part of rescue excavations in eastern Croatia.[2] The Romans settled there in the 1st or 2nd century and built Cuccium, the first border fortification on the Danube. The Slavs settled here in the 6th century. The area was later ruled by the Bulgarian Empire, with a period of Frankish and Croat rule under Ljudevit Posavski, but after that the Bulgarians return, and stayed there until it was included into the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.

In 12th and 13th centuries the market-town of Ilok was mentioned in documents under various names (Iwnlak, Vilak, Vylok, Wyhok, Wylak). At the end of the 13th century, Hungarian kings gave the Vylak castrum to the powerful Csák noble family. In the 13th and 14th centuries, Ilok was a capital of the semi-independent medieval state of Upper Syrmia ruled by Ugrin Csák.

After 1354, the town of Ilok belonged to Nicholas and Paul Garay (in Croatian references Gorjanski), and then to Nicholas Kont of Orahovica and his descendants, among which was his great-grandson Nicholas and the last member of the Iločki family - Laurence of Ilok. Nicholas of Ilok was the Ban of All Slavonia from 1457–63, and his son, Laurence was a duke of Syrmia from 1477 to 1524.

Since 1526, the town was under Ottoman rule. During this time, it was mainly populated by Muslims. In 1566-69, Ilok had 238 Muslim and 27 Christian houses. In 1572, it had 386 Muslim, and 18 Christian houses. In 1669, the population of Ilok numbered 1,160 houses, and town possessed two mosques. It was kaza centre in Sanjak of Syrmia. Habsburg army firstly occupied Ilok in 1688, but Ottomans recaptured it in 1690. In 1697, Habsburg army definitively retook Ilok from the Ottomans and the Muslim population fled.

During the Habsburg rule, Ilok belonged to the Kingdom of Slavonia, a Habsburg province that belonged to both the Kingdom of Croatia, and the Kingdom of Hungary. Between 1849-68, the Kingdom of Slavonia was completely separate Habsburg crownland, and in 1868 it was joined with the Kingdom of Croatia to form the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Ilok was a district capital in the Syrmia County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.

In 1918, Ilok first became part of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, and then part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (in 1929 renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia). From 1929-39, Ilok was part of the Danube Banovina and, from 1939–41, of the Banovina of Croatia within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Between 1941-44, during the Axis occupation of Yugoslavia, it belonged to the Independent State of Croatia. From 1945 onward, it was part of the People's Republic of Croatia within Socialist Yugoslavia.

On 17 October 1991 during the beginning of the Croatian War of Independence, non-Serbs fled as the Yugoslav National Army led by Serbs paramilitaries occupied the area, but spared it from destruction due to its rapid surrounding and occupation. Between 1991-95, Ilok was part of the Republic of Serb Krajina. The area was peacefully reintegrated into Croatia in 1998.

Ilok is underdeveloped municipality which is statistically classified as the First Category Area of Special State Concern by the Government of Croatia.[3]

Demographics

Town of Ilok

According to the 2011 census, the Town of Ilok had 6,767 inhabitants.[4]

Population[5]
1857	1869	1880	1890	1900	1910	1921	1931	1948	1953	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001	2011
5,954	7,040	6,547	7,699	7,865	8,451	9,130	9,458	8,839	9,280	10,049	10,449	9,891	9,748	8,351	6,767

Note: It became independent administrative unit (town) in 2001 census, from the old Municipality of Vukovar.

Population by settlements	1991	2001	2011
Bapska	1,624	1,313	928
Ilok	6,775	5,897	5,072
Mohovo	344	303	239
Šarengrad	1,005	838	528
Total	9,748	8,351	6,767

Population by ethnicity	1991	2001	2011
Croats	6,848 (70.25%)	6,425 (76.94%)	5,189 (76.68%)
Slovaks	1,192 (12.22%)	1,044 (12.50%)	935 (13.82%)
Serbs	680 (6.97%)	566 (6.78%)	439 (6.49%)
Hungarians	115 (1.17%)	98 (1.17%)	78 (1.15%)
others	913 (9.36%)	218 (2.61%)	126 (1.86%)
Total	9,748	8,351	6,767

Ilok (settlement)

According to the 2011 census, settlement of Ilok had 5,072 inhabitants.[4]

Population[5]
1857	1869	1880	1890	1900	1910	1921	1931	1948	1953	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001	2011
3,110	3,776	3,489	4,288	4,387	4,856	5,475	5,809	5,361	5,696	6,193	6,683	6,700	6,775	5,897	5,072

1991 census

Ilok[6]
Population by ethnicity
total: 6,775   Croats 4,248 (62.70%)   Slovaks 1,157 (17.07%)   Serbs 484 (7.14%)   Yugoslavs 474 (6.99%)   Hungarians 105 (1.54%)   Ruthenians 28 (0.41%)   Albanians 10 (0.14%)   Muslims 10 (0.14%)   Macedonians 9 (0.13%)   Montenegrins 8 (0.11%)   Germans 5 (0.07%)   Czechs 2 (0.02%)   Slovenes 2 (0.02%)   Ukrainians 1 (0.01%)   others 2 (0.02%)   nondeclared 145 (2.14%)   regionaly declared 7 (0.10%)   unknown 78 (1.15%)

1910 census

Ilok[6]
Population by language	Population by religion
total: 4,856   Croatian 2,729 (56.19%)   Slovak 840 (17.29%)   German 571 (11.75%)   Serbian 448 (9.22%)   Hungarian 254 (5.23%)   Czech 7 (0.14%)   Ruthenian 5 (0.10%)   Slovene 1 (0.02%)   others 1 (0.02%)	total: 4,856   Rom. Cath. 3,325 (68.47%)   Lutherans 646 (13.30%)   East. Orthodox 450 (9.26%)   Jewish 213 (4.38%)   Calvinists 204 (4.20%)   East. Catholics 16 (0.32%)   others 2 (0.04%)

Gallery

• 
  Ilok City Library
• 
  View at the town from the castle
• 
  Church of Saint John of Capistrano
• 
  View at the church and Franciscan monastery
• 
  Principovac estate
• 
  Walls of the castle
• 
  Danube river ferry
• 
  Riverside promenade
• 
  Memorial
• 
  Ilok centre

Panoramic view of the Danube in Ilok with the Serbian town of Bačka Palanka on the other side of the river.

References

1. "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2011 Census: Ilok". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
2. Dizdar, Marko (2016). "Late La Tène Settlements in the Vinkovci Region (Eastern Slavonia, Croatia): Centres of Trade and Exchange" (PDF). Boii - Taurisci: Proceedings of the International Seminar, Oberleis-Klement, June 14th-15th, 2012. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press: 31–48. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
3. Lovrinčević, Željko; Davor, Mikulić; Budak, Jelena (June 2004). "AREAS OF SPECIAL STATE CONCERN IN CROATIA- REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT DIFFERENCES AND THE DEMOGRAPHIC AND EDUCATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS". Ekonomski pregled, Vol.55 No.5-6. Archived from the original on 18 August 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
4. "STANOVNIŠTVO PREMA STAROSTI I SPOLU PO NASELJIMA, POPIS 2011". Državni zavod za statistiku Republike Hrvatske.
5. - Republika Hrvatska - Državni zavod za statistiku: Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857.-2001.
6. Book: "Ethnic and religious composition of population of Croatia, 1880-1991: by settlements", author: Jakov Gelo, publisher: Zagreb, Croatian bureau of statistics, 1998., ISBN 953-6667-07-X, ISBN 978-953-6667-07-9;

External links