Cryptodendrum

Cryptodendrum is a genus of sea anemones in the family Thalassianthidae. It is monotypic with a single species, Cryptodendrum adhaesivum, also commonly known as the adhesive anemone, pizza anemone, and nap-edged anemone. Like all symbiotic anemones it hosts zooxanthellae, symbiotic algae that help feed their host.[1]

Cryptodendrum
C. adhaesium showing the distinctive edge tentacles
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Anthozoa
Order: Actiniaria
Family: Thalassianthidae
Genus: Cryptodendrum
Klunzinger, 1877
Species:
C. adhaesivum
Binomial name
Cryptodendrum adhaesivum
(Klunzinger, 1877)
Synonyms

(Genus)

  • Cryptodendron Klunzinger, 1877

(Species)

  • Cryptodendron adhaesivium
  • Cryptodendron adhaesivum
  • Cryptodendrum adhesivum [lapsus]
  • Stoichactis digitata Doumenc, 1973

Description

This anemone grows to a size of 30 centimeters and is distinguished by its colored, beaded and waving curved edge. It has two different forms of tentacles. At the center of the oral disc, it has narrow, short, about 5 mm long, tentacles that are branched with five or more "fingers", like a small, inflated rubber glove. The tentacles are extremely sticky. The tentacles at the edge have a bubble-like thickening of about one millimeter diameter at the end. The two types of tentacles are usually different colors.[2]

Similar species

The two different tentacles and pizza crust type edge distinguish C. adhaesivum from superficially similar Stichodactyla specimens.

Distribution

C. adhaesivum is widely distributed being found in tropical waters from the Indian Ocean to the Western Pacific.

Symbionts

The relationship between anemonefish and their host sea anemones is highly nested in structure. This anemone however is able to survive without anemonefish and most specimens are found without anemonefish.[3] As the single hosted anemonefish, Amphiprion clarkii,[2] is the extreme generalist, it may be that C. adhaesivum is a marginal host tolerated only by the least selective fish and only when no other host is available.

C. adhaesivum is also associated with juvenile Dascyllus trimaculatus the threespot dascyllus.

A number of other species are associated with C. adhaesivum, however the relationship is commensal rather than mutual as the anemone does not appear to benefit from the association. These species are

C. adhaesivum and symbionts

  • Amphiprion clarkii & Dascyllus trimaculatus
  • Neopetrolisthes maculatus (porcelain crab)
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References
  1. "Cryptodendrum adhaesivum at World Register of Marine Species".
  2. Fautin, Daphne G.; Allen, Gerald R. (1997). Field Guide to Anemone Fishes and Their Host Sea Anemones. Western Australian Museum. ISBN 9780730983651. Archived from the original on 14 April 2015.
  3. Ollerton J; McCollin D; Fautin DG; Allen GR. (2007). "Finding NEMO: nestedness engendered by mutualistic organization in anemonefish and their hosts". Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. 274: 591–598. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3758. PMC 1766375. PMID 17476781.
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