Crochallan Fencibles

The Crochallan Fencibles was an 18th-century Edinburgh convivial club that met at the Anchor Close, a public house off the High Street (part of the Royal Mile).[1]

Merry Muses of Caledonia 1799 from The G Ross Roy Collection

Its name was made up from two sources: Crochallan is derived from a song, "Crodh Chailein'" ("Colin's Cattle"), which was a favourite of the then Landlord Daniel Douglas, and Fencibles was a name for regiments of garrison troops which were raised for the defence of Great Britain (an 18th-century Home Guard).[1]

William Smellie, the editor of the first edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, was the founder of the club.[1] He reminisced that:

I wrote most of it, my lad, and snipped out from books enough material for the printer. With pastepot and scissors I composed it!

— William Smellie, at a meeting of the Crochallan Fencibles.[2]

The members of the club use military ranks to designate their positions in the club (as if it were a real fencible regiment), hence William Dunbar (died 1807) was the colonel of the club (rather than its chairman or president).[1][3]

Smellie introduced Robert Burns to the club in 1787. Burns compiled a book of popular songs for the club called The Merry Muses of Caledonia in which he writes of Smellie:[4]

And, though his caustic wit was biting rude,
His heart was warm, benevolent, and good.

Notes
  1. Lindsay 2004a.
  2. Kogan 1958, p. .
  3. Lindsay 2004b.
  4. Woodward 1897, p. 401.
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References
  • Kogan, Herman (1958), The Great EB: The Story of the Encyclopædia Britannica, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, Library of Congress catalog number 58-8379
  • Lindsay, Rev. William (2004a), "Crochallan Fencibles", The Burns Encyclopedia, OCLC 54084607
  • Lindsay, Rev. William (2004b), "Dunbar, William (d. 1807)", The Burns Encyclopedia, OCLC 54084607
  • Woodward, Bernard Barham (1897), "Smellie, William (1740-1795)" , in Lee, Sidney (ed.), Dictionary of National Biography, 52, London: Smith, Elder & Co, pp. 400–401


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