Crimean Titan

Crimea TITAN (Russian: Крымский Титан ; Ukrainian: Кримський Титан ) is the largest manufacturer of titanium dioxide pigment in Eastern Europe. It is located in Armyansk, Crimea.

Crimea TITAN
Native name
Крымский ТИТАН
Crimea TITAN
Formerly
КГПО «ТИТАН»
Закрытое акционерное общество «Крымский ТИТАН»
Privately held
IndustryChemical Industry
Founded1969
Headquarters
Armyansk
ProductsTitanium dioxide
Number of employees
> 4500
Websitewww.titanexport.com 

Location and geography

The plant is located in Crimea, in the northern part on the Perekop Isthmus near the coast of the Sivash. It covers an area of 4,785 hectares (11,820 acres) and is connected by railroad to Vadim station on the Odessa railway.

History

The decision to build the Crimean State Production Association "TITAN" (KPO "TITAN") [Russian:Крымского Государственного Производственного Объединения «ТИТАН» (КГПО «ТИТАН»)] was made 28 Dec 1969. In 1971 a factory producing Ammonium Phosphate was commissioned; in 1973 aluminium sulfate, and water glass; in 1974 red iron oxide pigment; and by 1978 two titanium dioxide pigment plants were commissioned.

In Mar 1999 the KPO "TITAN" became part of the 'Syvash economic zone' [Russian:Sэкономической зоны «Сиваш»] - this free economic zone was an initiative of the Government of Ukraine as an experiment. On 10 Feb 2000 the KPO "TITAN" was converted into the state joint stock company SJSC "TITAN" [Russian: Государственной акционерной компании «Титан» (ГАК «ТИТАН»)]. On 31 Aug 2004 the closed joint stock company "Crimean TITAN" [Russian: Закрытое акционерное общество «Крымский ТИТАН»] was formed comprising 50% less one share held by Ostchem Germany GmbH (controlled by Dmitry Firtash), the remaining majority held by SJSC "TITAN".

After the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014 a company was registered in Moscow as the private limited company "Titanium Investments" [Russian: ООО "Титановые инвестиции"]; whilst the name of the plant itself was changed to "Ukrainian Chemical Products" [Russian: Юкрейниан Кемикал Продактс], with the location of registration of the company changed from Armyansk to Kiev; and with the Moscow-based company leasing the "Ukrainian Chemical Products" plant, as well as supplying and exporting products. The plant was reliant on the production of two Ukrainian mining and enriching plants at Volnogoprsk and Irshanksy - previously these were leased by the plant but in 2014 they were transferred by the Ukrainian government to the Ministry of the Economy, and transferred to the state owned "United Mining and Chemical Company" [Russian: Объединенная горно-химическая компания (ОГХК)]. The company remained registered as a Ukrainian enterprise, paying tax on profits in Ukraine, though local taxes were also paid in Crimea - as such the company attempted to continue to receive supplies from Ukraine, avoiding sanctions.[1]

Post-2014 the plant suffered with revenue falling by nearly three quarters (from ~$300 million in 2013 to ~$86 million in 2015).[2] Import substitution of Ilmentite from Sri Lanka was confirmed to have begun in 2016.[2] Other issues relating to the Ukraine-Russia-Crimea situation included a lack of water for industrial production due to restrictions on water from Ukraine to supply the North Crimean Canal.[3] Additional wages were reported as being paid at much reduced levels.[2][3] In late 2017 it was reported that the business was still suffering shortages of Ilmenite, and operating at ~40-50% capacity, and had been received ore from Norway, Sri Lanka, and Brazil.[4]

In 2017 Russian state bank VTB began bankruptcy proceedings against Titanium Investments, claiming $40 million in unpaid debts. In reaction Dmitry Firtash sought to transfer the business to a new company "TitanActive" [Russian: ТитанАктив], to avoid effects on the business due to the litigation.[4]

Places close to the titanium plant, namely Armyansk and Perekop, were (first reportedly) on 23 August 2018 hit by a noxious sulphur dioxide gas allegedly coming from the water reservoir of the plant.[5] 4,000 children were evacuated from Armyansk and Ukrainian authorities claimed that by 10 September (2018) dozens of people had sought medical assistance in mainland Ukraine.[5][6] Crimean ecologist Margarita Litvinenko claimed that gas was caused because the water reservoir of the plant did not contain enough water due to the water shortage in Crimea caused by Ukraine's decision to stop the flow from the North Crimean Canal after the Russian annexation of Crimea.[5][7]

Production
New Sulfuric acid plant (2014)

The plant has two main units («Титан-1» and «Титан-2»), each with a (design) production capacity of 40,000 tons pa.

The production of Titanium dioxide at the plant uses Ilmenite as a feedstock, using concentrated Sulfuric acid to dissolve the ground ore. Iron based impurities are reduced to Iron (II) in solution; the liquid mixture is then filtered, and Iron (II) is removed by selective crystallization and centrifugal separation on cooling of the solution. Next the Titanyl sulfate solution is evaporatively concentrated.

The Titanyl sulfate solution is hydrolyzed producing amorphous flakes of Titanium dioxide, which are then filtered and washed. Filtered Titanium dioxide is then calcined to drive off water. Further surface treatment and grinding may be applied to the Titanium dioxide for specific uses or properties of the Titanium dioxide pigment.

In addition to its primary product (~90% of exports) the plant also generates red iron oxide pigment, mineral fertilizers, sulfuric acid, aluminum sulfate, water glass, iron sulfate, and copper sulfate, and alkaline sodium and lithium chemicals.

gollark: ++magic py import randombot.remove_command("bee")@bot.command(rest_is_raw=True)async def bee(ctx, *, target): if random.randint(0, 7) == 3: await ctx.send("No. Protocol φ-73 initialized.") else: await ctx.send("🐝 " + target.strip())
gollark: ++bee you
gollark: ++magic py import randombot.remove_command("deploy")@bot.command(rest_is_raw=True)async def bee(ctx, *, target): if random.randint(0, 7) == 3: await ctx.send("No. Protocol φ-73 initialized.") else: await ctx.send("🐝sed " + target.strip())
gollark: ++invite
gollark: ++remind 7mo initiate contingency for Ω-class event (again)

See also

References
  1. Никифоров, Вадим; Скорлыгина, Наталья (28 Sep 2015), "Предприятие двойного подданства - "Крымский титан" пытается обойти украинские санкции" [Enterprise of dual citizenship - "Crimean Titan" tries to circumvent Ukrainian sanctions], www.kommersant.ru (in Russian)
  2. Подцероб, Мария (21 Mar 2017), Как "Крымский титан" перестроился на работу в России [How the "Crimean Titan" was reorganized for work in Russia] (in Russian)
  3. Онищук, Сергей (8 Dec 2016), "Как работают санкции: "Крымский Титан"" [How sanctions work : "Crimean Titan"], investigator.org.ua (in Russian)
  4. "Титанические долги. Фирташ спасает от банкротства бизнес в Крыму" [Titanic debts. Firtash saves business from bankruptcy in Crimea], biz.liga.net (in Russian), 7 Dec 2017
  5. Russia evacuates children as Crimea town 'coated in rust', BBC News (6 September 2018)
  6. Almost 60 people flee to Ukraine after acid leaks in Crimea, UNIAN (10 September 2018)
  7. "Russia fears Crimea water shortage as supply drops". BBC News. 2014-04-25. Retrieved 2014-04-26.
    "Crimea Rice Crop Fails Over Water War With Ukraine". The Moscow Times. 6 May 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
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