Creoda of Wessex

Creoda (? died 534) is a shadowy figure in early Wessex history whose existence is disputed.

For the possible first Mercian monarch, see Creoda of Mercia.
Creoda of Wessex
King of Wessex (disputed)
Reignperhaps 534
PredecessorCerdic
SuccessorCynric
Born493
Died534
Wessex
IssueCynric
FatherCerdic

Introduction

The name Creoda appears in the Genealogical Regnal List that serves as preface to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, in the Annal of 855 (in the A manuscript) and in Asser's Annals of the Reign of Alfred the Great.[1] He is stated to have been the son of Cerdic and father to Cynric. However, the body of some manuscripts of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle omits any mention of Creoda and describes Cynric as the son of Cerdic. If he existed he may have ruled Wessex for a short period of time immediately after Cerdic's death.

Conflicting theories

If the historical existence of Creoda is admitted, there are a number of theories as to his identity and why he appears in some primary sources, but not others.

1) His inclusion in the genealogies was original, and his name was removed from some lists at a late date for dynastic and political reasons.[2]

2) He was a contemporary of Cerdic and Cynric, but ruled the Thames Valley Saxons, while they ruled the Hampshire Saxons. He is seen as the ancestor of the later kings: Ceawlin, Caedwalla and Ine. At some late date Creoda was inserted into the Cerdicing line as the son of Cerdic, when descent from Cerdic became necessary for any king of Wessex.[3]

3) Creoda has been confused with Cerdic and some of Cerdic's later activities have been misassigned in the texts, and were originally those of Creoda and Cynric.[4]

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References
  1. Asser, p. 1
  2. Walker, p. 185
  3. Kirby, pp. 22-24
  4. Stevenson, p.40

Bibliography
  • Asser (trans. Giles, J.A.) (2000) Annals of the Reign of Alfred the Great, In parentheses Publications: Medieval Latin Series, Cambridge, Ontario.
  • Kirby, D.P. (1965) Problems of Early West Saxon History, The English Historical Review , Jan., 1965, Vol. 80, No. 314 , Oxford University Press, pp. 10-29.
  • Stevenson, W.H. (1899) The Beginnings of Wessex, The English Historical Review , Jan., 1899, Vol. 14, No. 53, Oxford University Press, pp. 32-46.
  • Walker, H.E. (1956) Bede and the Gewissae: The Political Evolution of the Heptarchy and Its Nomenclature, The Cambridge Historical Journal , 1956, Vol. 12, No. 2 , Cambridge University Press, pp. 174-186
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