Cowlitz language
The Cowlitz language is a member of the Tsamosan branch of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages.
| Cowlitz | |
|---|---|
| Native to | United States |
| Region | Southwestern Washington |
| Ethnicity | 200 Cowlitz people (1990)[1] As of 2019 over 2,000 and growing |
| Extinct | maybe 2 speakers in 1990.[1] 1 currently lives in Puyallup, Washington |
| Revival | the 110 listed in 2010 census[2] are not native speakers |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | cow |
| Glottolog | cowl1242[3] |
The Cowlitz people
The Cowlitz people were originally two distinct tribes: the Lower Cowlitz and the Upper Cowlitz. Only the Lower Cowlitz spoke Cowlitz; the Upper Cowlitz, a Sahaptin tribe, spoke a dialect of Yakama.
Phonology
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Lateral | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | lab. | plain | lab. | |||||||
| Plosive | plain | p | t | k | kʷ | q | qʷ | ʔ | ||
| ejective | pʼ | tʼ | kʼ | kʼʷ | qʼ | qʼʷ | ||||
| Affricate | plain | ts | tʃ | |||||||
| ejective | tsʼ | tʃʼ | tɬʼ | |||||||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | ɬ | x | xʷ | χ | χʷ | h | ||
| Sonorant | voiced | m | n | j | l | w | ||||
| glottalized | mˀ | nˀ | jˀ | lˀ | wˀ | |||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e eː | ə | oː |
| Open | a aː |
Vocabulary
Cowlitz is most similar to Lower Chehalis, another Tsamosan language, although it does contains some oddities, such as the word for one, utsus (in contrast to the Lower Chehalis paw).
| English | Cowlitz |
|---|---|
| Lower Cowlitz tribe | Sł'púlmš |
| one (number) | utsus |
| two | salli |
| three | kałi |
| four | mus |
| five | tsilats |
| to sing | ilani |
| moon/sun | Łuqał |
| dog | kaxa |
| water | kal'l |
| man | siłimx |
| woman | kuwił |
gollark: If the chest is adjacent to your turtle then one of those directions will be the right one though I don't think you can conveniently determine which.
gollark: Okay. You can pullItems from north/east/west/south (it uses absolute directions I think; maybe check getTransferLocations).
gollark: If it isn't adjacent, do the second thing.
gollark: You didn't specify where the chest was exactly.
gollark: I mean that if the chest is adjacent you can push/pull from it using north/east/whatever.
References
- Cowlitz at Ethnologue (14th ed., 2000).
- Cowlitz at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Cowlitz". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Kinkade, Marvin Dale (2004). Cowlitz dictionary and grammatical sketch. Missoula, MT: Linguistics Laboratory, University of Montana. pp. 219–224.
- Native-Languages.org.
- Kinkade, Dale. Cowlitz Dictionary And Grammatical Sketch. Missoula: University of Montana Press, 2004.
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