County of Werdenberg

Werdenberg was a county of the Holy Roman Empire, within the Duchy of Swabia, situated on either side of the Alpine Rhine, including parts of what is now St. Gallen (Switzerland), Liechtenstein, and Vorarlberg (Austria). It was partitioned from Montfort in 1230. In 1260, it was divided into Werdenberg and Sargans.

Territories of the counts of Werdenberg, Werdenberg-Sargans and Montfort in the 14th century

Coat of arms from the Zürich armorial. The heraldic charge is a Gonfanon, derived from that of the Tübingen and Montfort coats of arms.

History

It is named for Werdenberg Castle, today located in the municipality of Grabs in the Swiss canton of St. Gallen, seat of the counts of Werdenberg (Werdenberger), The family was descended from count Hugo II of Tübingen (d. 1180), who married Elisabeth, daughter of the last count of Bregenz, thus inheriting substantial territory along the Alpine Rhine. His son was Hugo I of Montfort (d. 1228), whose son Rudolf I is considered the founder of the Werdenberg line. Rudolf's sons Hugo I of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg and Hartmann I of Werdenberg divided the southern territory of the Montfort inheritance, establishing the two lines of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg and Werdenberg-Sargans.

In 1308 Werdenberg was further divided into Werdenberg-Heiligenberg (Linzgau) and Werdenberg-Werdenberg. The Vaduz line of Counts of Werdenberg died out in 1406 and Vaduz passed to the Barons of Brandis.

The family fractured further into a number of cadet branches. The line of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg-Sigmaringen-Trochtelfingen remained influential in the early 16th century in the context of the Swabian League but was extinct in 1534.

The Werdenberg feud (Werdenbergfehde) was a major series of feuds between the Werdenberg and their neighbours in the late 15th century, most notably their conflict with the von Zimmern family of Swabia. The feud between the lords of Werdenberg and of Zimmern escalated in 1488, rising to an importance above merely regional concerns, influencing the imperial policy of Frederick III and Maximilian I regarding the formation of the Swabian League, the Imperial Reforms and the history of the Old Swiss Confederacy.

Counts of Werdenberg

Below, a list of the counts of Werdenberg,[1] numbered by order of ascension:

House of Tübingen

Partitions of Werdenberg under Tübingen rule

County of Werdenberg (1230-1247)
County of Werdenberg-Werdenberg or Werdenberg-Heiligenberg (1247-1402)			County of Werdenberg-Sargans (1st creation) (1247-1396)
				County of Werdenberg-Vaduz (1322-1416)	County of Werdenberg-Alpeck (1322-1383)
						County of Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen (1332-1534)
	County of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg-Bludenz (1373-1394)	County of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg-Rheineck (1373-1395)
					Annexed to Ulm
	Annexed to Austria		Pawned to the Counts of Toggenburg
Pawned to the Counts of Montfort until 1485, then annexed by Switzerland
				Passed to the Lords of Brandis
			County of Werdenberg-Sargans (2nd creation) (1436-1483)
			Annexed by Switzerland
						Divided between Fürstenberg and Austria (1534) and then Hohenzollern (1535)

Table of rulers

(Note: Here the numbering of the counts is the same for all counties, as all were titled Counts of Werdenberg, despite of the different parts of land or particular numbering of the rulers. The counts are numbered by the year of their succession.)

Ruler		Born	Reign	Death	Ruling part	Consort	Notes
Rudolph I		c.1190	1230-1244/7/8	September 1244[2], 7 October 1247 or 19 May 1248[2]	Montfort	Clementia of Kyburg c.1230 six children	Abdicated from Montfort to inherit Werdenberg. For his brother's descendants see Counts of Montfort. After his death Werdenberg was divided.
Hartmann I		c.1230	1244/7/8-1271	3 April 1271	Werdenberg-Sargans	Elisabeth of Ortenburg 26 June 1256 or 11 July 1258 three children	Son of Rudolph I, inherited Sargans.
Hugo I		1231	1247-1280	7 December 1280[2]	Werdenberg-Heiligenberg	Matilda of Neuffen 11 February 1263 six children	Son of Rudolph I, inherited Heiligenberg.
Hugo II the One-Eyed		c.1265	1280-1307	25 March 1305/7[2]	Werdenberg-Heiligenberg	Euphemia of Ortenburg 3 June 1281 eleven children
Rudolph II		c.1257	1271-1323	18 March 1323	Werdenberg-Sargans	Adelaide of Burgau 1282 five children	Sons of Hartmann I, probably ruled jointly. Hugo became Knight Hospitaller, and Hartmann a canon at Bamberg.
Hugo III		c.1260		After 1332[2]	Werdenberg-Sargans	Unmarried
Hartmann II		c.1260	1271-c.1282?	After 1282[2]	Werdenberg-Sargans
Albert I		c.1283	1307-1365	16 May 1364 or 1 October 1367[2]	Werdenberg-Heiligenberg	Catherine of Habsburg-Kyburg c.1330 three children	Sons of Hugo II, ruled jointly[2].
Hugo IV Cocles		c.1280	1307-1329/34	16 August 1329 or 16 October 1334[2]	Werdenberg-Heiligenberg	Anna of Wildenberg c.1320[2] no children
Henry I		c.1280	1307-1323	16 October 1323[2]	Werdenberg-Heiligenberg	Unmarried
Rudolph III		c.1293	1323-1325	1325	Werdenberg-Sargans	Unmarried	Sons of Rudolph II, ruled jointly. Rudolph IV assume alone the rulership of Sargans after the death of his older brother and namesake. In 1338, after the death of Count Donat of Vaz, he could inherit a part of his domains, as husband of Ursula.
Rudolph IV		c.1310	1323-1361	21 January or 15 March 1361[2]	Werdenberg-Sargans	Ursula of Vaz 15 August 1337 one child
Hartmann III		c.1300	1323-1353/55	15 July 1353 or 21 May 1355[2]	Werdenberg-Vaduz	Agnes of Montfort-Feldkirch before 1354 three children	Son of Rudolph II, inherited Vaduz.
Henry II		c.1300	1323-1332/34	2 March 1332 or 27 June 1334[2]	Werdenberg-Alpeck	Agnes of Württemberg c.1317 six children	Son of Rudolph II, inherited Alpeck. After his death, the county was once more divided.
Eberhard I		c.1315?	1332/34-1383	27/8 May 1383[2]	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen	Luitgard of Berg-Schelklingen c.1335 no children Sophie of Geroldseck after 1344 one child	Sons of Henry II, inherited Trochtelfingen, where they ruled together[2]. Hugo became Knight Hospitaller.
Hugo V		c.1315?	1332/4-1373	16 February 1373[2]	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen	Unmarried
Rudolph V		c.1315?	1332/4-1342/9	18 December 1342 or 27 March 1349[2]	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen
Henry III		c.1315?	1332/34-1366/70	14 March 1366/70[2]	Werdenberg-Alpeck	Bertha of Kirchberg I before 1352 two children	Son of Henry II, kept Alpeck.
Henry IV		c.1320	1353/5-1397	23 January 1397	Werdenberg-Vaduz	Katharina of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg-Bludenz before 1395 no children	Sons of Hartmann III, probably ruled jointly. In 1389 Hartmann IV became Bishop at Chur.
Rudolph VI		c.1320	1353/5-1365/7	7 July 1365/7[2]	Werdenberg-Vaduz	Unmarried
Hartmann IV		c.1320	1353/5-1389	6 September 1416[2]	Werdenberg-Vaduz	Unmarried
John I		c.1340	1361-1396	16 October 1400	Werdenberg-Sargans	Anna of Rhazuns (I) 5 April 1367 one child	In 1396, highly endebted, John pawned Sargans to the Habsburgs, who resold it to the Counts of Toggenburg.
In 1396 Sargans was annexed to the County of Toggenburg[3]
Albert II		c.1330	1365-1371/3	22 July 1371 or 6 January 1373	Werdenberg-Heiligenberg	Matilda of Montfort-Tettnang c.1322 one child Agnes of Nuremberg 3 August 1343 or 5 July 1344 five children	Son of Albert I. After his death, the county was once more divided.
Henry V		c.1350	1366-1383	c.1390	Werdenberg-Alpeck	Elisabeth of Oettingen two children Agnes of Helfenstein no children	In 1383 sold his county to the city of Ulm.
In 1383 Alpeck was annexed to Ulm[4]
Albert III the Elder		c.1360	1371/3-1394	23 February 1418/20	Werdenberg-Heiligenberg-Bludenz	Ursula of Schaunberg c.1383 six children	Son of Albert II, received Bludenz. In 1394 he sold his lands to the Habsburgs.
In 1394 Bludenz was annexed to Austria
Henry VI		c.1364	1371/3-1392/3	24 December 1392 or 24 July 1393[2]	Werdenberg-Heiligenberg-Rheineck	Anna of Montfort-Feldkirch c.1375 four children	Sons of Albert II, ruled jointly in Rheineck[2].
Hugo VI		c.1360	1371/3-1387/90	1 November 1387 or 15 March 1390[2]	Werdenberg-Heiligenberg-Rheineck	Bertha of Kirchberg II c.1375 four children
Albert IV the Younger		c.1360	1371/3-1402	30 July 1416 or 4 May 1418	Werdenberg-Heiligenberg	Agnes of Montfort-Bregenz c.1380 no children	Son of Albert II, kept Heiligenberg. In 1402 his lands were pawned to his cousins, the Counts of Montfort.
In 1402 Heiligenberg was annexed to Montfort, and in 1485 to Switzerland
Henry VII		c.1360?	1383-1393	1393	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen	Agnes of Teck 1370 one child Ida of Toggenburg before 1392 no children	Sons of Eberhard I, ruled jointly.
Eberhard II		c.1360?	1383	1383	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen	Unmarried
Hugo VII		c.1380	1392-1395	c.1428	Werdenberg-Heiligenberg-Rheineck	Agnes of Abensberg c.1399 no children	Son of Henry VI, ruled jointly with his brothers Rudolph and Henry, but the trio lost their lands to the Habsburgs in 1395. However, Hugo was able to recover power by inheriting his cousins county of Vaduz, losing it, however, in 1416, to the Lords of Brandis.
			1397-1416		Werdenberg-Heiligenberg-Vaduz
In 1416 Vaduz was annexed to the Lordship of Brandis, and, after many inheritances, eventually became part of Liechtenstein in 1699.
Rudolph VII		c.1388	1392-1395	c.1419	Werdenberg-Heiligenberg-Rheineck	Beatrix of Fürstenberg-Haslach c.1399 no children	Brothers of Hugo VII, co-ruled with him in Rheineck.
Henry IX		?		1401	Werdenberg-Heiligenberg-Rheineck	Unmarried
In 1395 Rheineck was annexed to Austria
Eberhard III		c.1380?	1393-1416	1416	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen	Anna of Zimmern six children
Eberhard IV		c.1400?	1416-1475	1475	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen	Unmarried	Sons of Eberhard III, ruled jointly.
John IV[5]		c.1400?	1416-1465	27 April 1465[2]	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen	Elisabeth of Württemberg 1430 seven children
Henry XI		c.1400?	1416-1439	1439	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen	Unmarried
In 1436, with the extinction of the Toggenburgs, Sargans returned to Werdenberg family.
Henry X		c.1385	1436-1447	1447	Werdenberg-Sargans	Agnes of Matsch before or c.1440 four children	Son of John I, he was restored to the county.
William II		before or c.1440?	1447-1467	1467	Werdenberg-Sargans	Erentrude of Stauffen no children	Left no descendants. He was succeeded by his brother.
George II		c.1442	1467-1483	23 February 1504	Werdenberg-Sargans	Anna of Rhazuns (II) before 1461 no children Barbara of Waldburg-Sonnenburg 1463 (June-September) no children	Left no descendants. Highly endebted, sold the county to the Swiss Confederation.
In 1483 Sargans was definitely annexed to Switzerland
Hugo XI[6]		c.1450?	1475-1508	8 August 1508	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen	Unmarried	Sons of John IV, ruled jointly. John V became Bishop at Augsburg[2].
George III		c.1450?	1475-1500	12 March 1500	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen	Katharina of Baden 1464 seven children
Ulrich		c.1450?	1475-1503	17 July 1503	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen	Unmarried
Rudolph X[7]		c.1450?	1475-1505	2 September 1505	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen
Henry XII		c.1450?		1505	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen
John V		c.1450?	1475-1486	1486	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen
Christoph		1494	1508-1534	29 January 1534[2]	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen	Eleonora Gonzaga 1500 one child Johanna van Borselen no children	Sons of George II, ruled jointly.
Felix		c.1495	1508-1530	12 July 1530[2]	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen	Elisabeth of Neuchâtel no children
John VI		c.1495	1508-1522	8 July 1522[2]	Werdenberg-Trochtelfingen	Katharina of Gundelfingen no children
In 1534 Trochtelfingen became divided between Fürstenberg and Austria, but was annexed to Hohenzollern in the following year.

Successor houses in Werdenberg-Vaduz

(Note: Numbering restarts)

House of Brandis

• 1416-1456: Wolfhard, son-in-law of Albert III the Elder;
• 1456-1486: Ulrich;
• 1486-1507: Ludwig and Sigismund, brothers.

House of Sulz

• 1507-1535: Rudolf I, maternal grandson of Ulrich of Brandis;
• 1535-1556: John Louis;
• 1556-1569: William and Alwig, brothers;
• 1569-1572: Alwig;
• 1572-1611: Rudolf II;
• 1611-1613: John, sold Vaduz to the House of Hohenems.

House of Hohenems

• 1613-1640: Kaspar;
• 1640-1646: Jacob Hannibal;
• 1646-1662: Franz Wilhelm I;
• 1662-1686: Ferdinand Carl;
• 1686-1691: Jacob Hannibal Frederick and Franz Wilhelm II, brothers;
• 1691-1712: Jacob Hannibal Frederick, with Franz Wilhelm III (son of Franz Wilhelm I);
• 1712: To the Prince of Liechtenstein.

See also

• County of Vaduz
• Lordship of Schellenberg

Footnotes

1. I. Mladjow: Germany (Deutschland) and Holy Roman Empire (Heiliges Rämisches Reich). Page 1/188.
2. Cawley 2001. sfn error: no target: CITEREFCawley2001 (help)
3. The pawning of the county didn't stop, however, the succession of the then titular counts: John I (1396-1400) was succeeded by his sons: Henry X (1400-1447, who recovered the county in 1436), ruled with: John II (1400-1405), George I (1400-1412), William I (1400-1412), Hugo VIII (1400-1421) and Rudolph VIII (1400-1434, was bishop of Chur).
4. The annexation of the county didn't stop, however, the succession of the then titular counts: Henry V (1383-1390) was succeeded by his sons: Conrad (1390-1415) and (probably, because he's not documented after 1374) his brother, Henry VIII (at least in 1390).
5. This count John is officially known as IV, albeit the fact that there's no known John III in the family tree of the Werdenbergs.
6. This count Hugo is officially known as XI, albeit the fact that there's not enough members of this name in the family tree of the Werdenbergs to fit this number. The last one was Hugo VIII, titular count of Sargans (1400-1421).
7. This count Rudolph is officially known as X, albeit the fact that there's no known Rudolph IX in the family tree of the Werdenbergs.

References

• Gerhard Köbler, 'Werdenberg (Grafschaft)', in: Historisches Lexikon der deutschen Länder. Die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart 2nd edition Munich 1989, p. 605.
• Fritz Rigendinger: Das Sarganserland im Spätmittelalter. Lokale Herrschaften, die Grafschaft Sargans und die Grafen von Werdenberg-Sargans. Chronos, Zürich 2007.
• Carl Borromäus Alois Fickler: Heiligenberg in Schwaben. Mit einer Geschichte seiner alten Grafen und des von ihnen beherrschten Linzgaues. Macklot, Karlsruhe 1853
• Gerhard Köbler: Werdenberg (Grafschaft), in: Historisches Lexikon der deutschen Länder. Die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart. 2. verbesserte Auflage, München 1989, S. 605
• Martin Leonhard: Werdenberg, von in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
• Johann Nepomuk von Vanotti: Geschichte der Grafen von Montfort und von Werdenberg. Belle-Vue bei Konstanz 1845 209ff.
• Hermann Wartmann (1896), "Werdenberg, Grafen von", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) (in German), 41, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 749–759

External links

• Media related to Werdenberg at Wikimedia Commons