Coracias

Coracias is a genus of the rollers, an Old World family of near passerine birds related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups, blues and browns predominating. The two outer front toes are connected, but not the inner one.

"Galgulus" redirects here. The genus name Galgulus was also invalidly given to a toad bug genus (now Gelastocoris), to the rockfowl (now Picathartes), and to bulbuls (Microscelis).

Coracias
Adult European roller
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Coraciiformes
Family:	Coraciidae
Genus:	Coracias Linnaeus, 1758
Species
9, see text
Synonyms
Galgulus Brisson, 1760

Taxonomy

The generic name Coracias was used by Carl Linneaus in 1758 for birds with knife-shaped beaks and cartilaginous tongues.[1]

The Ancient Greek word korakías (κορακίας),[2] derived from korax (κόραξ, ‘raven, crow’).[3] Aristotle described the coracias as a bird as big as a crow with a red beak,[4] which some believe to be the chough.[5]

Living species

Nine species are recognized:[6]

Image	Common Name	Scientific name	Distribution
	Purple roller	Coracias naevius	sub-Saharan Africa
	Indian roller	Coracias benghalensis	Western Asia to Indian Subcontinent
	Indochinese roller	Coracias affinis	eastern India to southeast Asia
	Purple-winged roller	Coracias temminckii	Islands of Sulawesi, Bangka, Lembeh, Manterawu, Muna and Butung.
	Racket-tailed roller	Coracias spatulatus	southern Africa from Angola, south-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo and southern Tanzania to northern Botswana, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique
	Lilac-breasted roller	Coracias caudatus	sub-Saharan Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula
	Abyssinian roller	Coracias abyssinicus	tropical Africa in a belt south of the Sahara, known as the Sahel
	European roller	Coracias garrulus	Middle East, Central Asia and Morocco.
	Blue-bellied roller	Coracias cyanogaster	Senegal to northeast Democratic Republic of the Congo

Former species

Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Coracias:

• Olive-backed oriole (as Coracias Sagittata)[7]
• Eurasian golden oriole (as Coracias Oriolus)[8]
• Black-hooded oriole (as Coracias Xanthornus)[9]
• Broad-billed roller (as Coracias glaucurus)[10]
• Broad-billed roller (afer) (as Coracias afra)[11]
• Oriental dollarbird (as Coracias orientalis)[12]
• Australian roller (as Coracias pacifica)[13]

Behaviour and ecology

Coracias rollers are watch-and wait hunters. They sit in a tree or on a post before descending on their prey and carrying it back in the beak to a perch before dismembering it. A wide range of terrestrial invertebrates, and small vertebrates such as frogs, lizards rodents and young birds, are taken. Their prey includes items avoided by many other birds, such as hairy caterpillars, insects with warning colouration and snakes.[14] They often perch prominently whilst hunting, like giant shrikes.

References

1. Linnaeus, C. (1758). "Coracias". Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1 (Tenth reformed ed.). Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii. p. 107−108.
2. André Jean François Marie Brochant de Villers; Alexandre Brongniart; Pierre Jean François Turpin (1818). Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles (in French). Levrault. p. 349.
3. Craig, J. (1854). A New Universal, Technological, Etymological, and Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language. p. 407.
4. Camus, A.-G. (1783). Histoire des animaux d'Aristote (in French). Chez la veuve Desaint. p. 225.
5. Greek Word Study Tool
6. "Rollers, ground rollers & kingfishers « IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2017-02-24.
7. "Oriolus sagittatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-02-24.
8. "Oriolus oriolus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-02-25.
9. "Oriolus xanthornus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-03-01.
10. "Eurystomus glaucurus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-03-06.
11. "Eurystomus glaucurus afer - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-03-06.
12. "Eurystomus orientalis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-03-06.
13. "Eurystomus orientalis pacificus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-03-06.
14. Fry, C. H.; Fry, K. (30 June 2010). Kingfishers, Bee-eaters and Rollers. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-1408134573. OCLC 25547477.

• Kingfishers, Bee-eaters and Rollers by Fry, Fry and Harris, ISBN 0-7136-8028-8

External links

• Roller videos on the Internet Bird Collection