Commelina mosaic virus

Commelina mosaic virus (CoMV) is a plant pathogenic virus [1] in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae. Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, CoMV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 707-808 nm in length. This virus is transmitted by two species of aphids, Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii, and by mechanical inoculation.[2]

Commelina mosaic virus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Stelpaviricetes
Order: Patatavirales
Family: Potyviridae
Genus: Potyvirus
Species:
Commelina mosaic virus

Commercial antiserum is not available for this virus. However, diagnosis in this plant can be made by symptoms and by the presence of plate-like inclusions.[3] (See Figures 1 and 3 in reference 3.)

Symptoms and Inclusions of Commelina mosaic virus in Commelina diffusa.

(Potyviruses make proteinacous inclusions in infected plant cells. These inclusions can be seen in the light microscope in leaf strips of infected plant tissue stained with Orange-Green (protein stain) but not Azure A (nucleic acid stain) [4][5] .[6] There are four different kinds of Potyvirus inclusions.[7] (CoMV belongs to group II. )

Host Range and Geographic Distribution

Commelina mosaic virus was first reported in 1977 and was the first Potyvirus found infecting a member of the plant family, Commelinaceae (2). Since then, two, possibly three, other potyviruses have been reported to infect members of this family, Tradescantia mosaic virus (=Tradescantia/Zebrina virus),[8] Aneilema virus (3) and Tradescantia mild mosaic virus [9]

CoMV was originally found in the host plant Commelina diffusa (2). Later it was also found in Tradescantia spathacea (Rhoeo spathacea) kept under greenhouse conditions (3). Plants of C. diffusa infected with this virus were first found in Florida (2) and in a later study the virus was found in a plant from the Dominican Republic (3). Host range studies indicate that this virus, though common in Florida, has a limited host range and does not pose a risk to agricultural crops. However, it was often found in a double infection with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) which is an important pest for Florida agriculture. Plants infected with both viruses were found to be “significantly more effective sources of CMV 5-8 weeks after inoculation that singly infected plants.”(2)

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References
  1. "About Plant Viruses". Archived from the original on 2014-10-10. Retrieved 2014-10-09.
  2. F. J. Morales and F.W. Zettler. Characterization and Electron Microscopy of a Potyvirus Infecting Commelina diffusa. Phytopathology 67:839-843, 1977
  3. C.A.Baker and F.W. Zettler. Viruses infecting wild and Cultivated Species of the Commelinaceae. Plant Disease 72: 513-518, 1988
  4. "Materials and Methods for the Detection of Viral Inclusions". Archived from the original on 2014-10-13. Retrieved 2014-10-09.
  5. Christie, R.G. and Edwardson, J.R. (1977). Fla Agric. Exp. Stn Monog. No. 9, 150 pp.
  6. "How do you diagnose a virus infection in a plant?". Archived from the original on 2014-10-09. Retrieved 2014-10-09.
  7. "Potyvirus Cylindrical Inclusions". Archived from the original on 2014-10-09. Retrieved 2014-10-09.
  8. B. E. Lockhart, J.A. Betzold, and F.L. Pfleger. Characterization of a Potyvirus Causing a Leaf Distortion Disease of Tradescantia and Zebrina Species. Phytopathology 71:602-604, 1981.
  9. M. Ciuffo, V. Masenga, and M. Turina. Characterization of a potyvirus isolated from Tradescantia fluminensis in northern Italy. Archives of Virology 151:1235-1241, 2003
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