Colin Falkland Gray

Group Captain Colin Falkland Gray, DSO, DFC & Two Bars (9 November 1914 – 1 August 1995) was a Royal Air Force (RAF) officer and the top New Zealand fighter ace of the Second World War.

Colin Falkland Gray
Colin Gray c.1942
Born(1914-11-09)9 November 1914
Christchurch, New Zealand
Died1 August 1995(1995-08-01) (aged 80)
Waikanae, New Zealand
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service/branchRoyal Air Force
Years of service1939–1961
RankGroup Captain
Commands heldRAF Church Fenton (1954–56)
Lympne Wing (1944–45)
No. 322 Wing (1943)
No. 81 Squadron (1943)
No. 64 Squadron (1942)
No. 616 Squadron (1941–42)
Battles/warsSecond World War Malayan Emergency
AwardsDistinguished Service Order
Distinguished Flying Cross & Two Bars
Other workPersonnel Director at Unilever

Born in Christchurch, Gray was accepted into the RAF in 1939 after two previous attempts failed on medical grounds. He flew with No. 54 Squadron during the Battles of France and Britain, and had shot down 14 aircraft and had a half share in another by September 1940. He later added another 13 kills while leading fighter squadrons and wings in the North African and Italian Campaigns, and finished the war with a confirmed 27½ kills. After the war he held a number of staff and command positions in the RAF before his eventual retirement in 1961. He returned to New Zealand to work for Unilever. He died in 1995 at the age of 80.

Early life

Colin Falkland Gray and his twin brother Ken were born in Christchurch, New Zealand on 9 November 1914, the sons of an electrical engineer, Robert Leonard Gray, and his wife, Margaret Gray (née Langford). He attended schools in the lower North Island and in Christchurch. He gained employment as a stock clerk in 1933, working at Dalgety and Company. In 1937, Gray, along with Ken, attempted to join the Royal Air Force (RAF) in 1937. While Ken was accepted, Colin was rejected for medical reasons.[1]

A second attempt also resulted in failure on medical grounds and after this, to improve his fitness, Gray took up sheep mustering. He was successful on a third application to join the RAF and was granted a short-term commission at the beginning of 1939. His flight training was conducted at the de Havilland flying school at Hatfield in Hertfordshire, England. He was posted to No. 11 Flying Training School from which he graduated as a probationary pilot officer in October 1939.[1]

His great grandfather (through his father's mother) was Bishop Leonard Williams who was the son of Bishop William Williams.

Second World War

Gray was posted to No. 54 Squadron, at the time equipped with Supermarine Spitfires and based at Hornchurch, in November 1939.[1] He was confirmed in his rank of pilot officer on 17 January 1940.[2] During the Phoney War he participated in patrols over the English Channel up until May 1940. The death of his brother Ken in a flying accident on 1 May 1940 affected his morale.[1]

After initial combat on 24 May (claiming two 'probable' victories), Gray had a share in his first confirmed enemy aircraft, a Messerschmitt Bf 109, on 25 May 1940, while escorting a formation of Fairey Swordfish to dive-bomb Gravelines. His Spitfire was badly damaged in the engagement, and damage to the port aileron forced the aircraft into a dive that was controlled only with great difficulty. His aircraft had also lost its airspeed indicator and control of guns, flaps or brakes.[3] Despite this damage, Gray managed to force land safely at Hornchurch.[1]

On 13 July 1940, Gray shot down his second Bf 109 near Calais after a long chase at sea level. The pilot, Leutnant Hans-Joachim Lange of III./JG 51, was killed.[4] No. 54 Squadron was heavily engaged in the Battle of Britain, tasked with the defence of the approaches to London. On 24 July, he shot down Staffelkapitän Lothar Ehrlich of 8./JG 52. Gray observed Ehrlich to bail out into the Channel and swim for what Gray believed to be a dingy. He radioed the man's position, but the pilot did not survive the water conditions.[5] Alternately, it is possible his victim was Leutnant Schauff from III./JG 26.[6] On 16 August, he claimed two Bf 109s destroyed. No. 54's opponents were JG 54. I./JG 54 lost one Bf 109—the unnamed pilot being killed in a crash at Saint-Inglevert airfield after returning from the battle. 3./JG 54 and 9./JG 54 suffered the loss of one Bf 109 each and their pilots (one killed and one missing) over English territory. Their names are unknown.[7] On 24 August, his flight was attacked by elements of I./JG 54 near RAF Manston. During the battle, Gray shot down Oberleutnant Heinrich Held.[8] On 31 August, he downed Oberleutnant Karl Westerhof from 6./JG 3.[9] Another source identifies 9./JG 26 pilot Oberleunant Willy Fronhöfer as his victim.[10] By early September, Gray had claimed 14½ kills, and his squadron was sent north to rest and re-equip. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) on 15 August 1940.[1]

Gray was promoted to flying officer on 23 October 1940.[11] He then served with No. 43 Squadron, before returning to No. 54 Squadron. Gray remained with the squadron until he was posted to No. 1 Squadron.[12] He was promoted to flight lieutenant in August 1941,[13] and the following month was awarded a Bar to his DFC. The same month, he was posted to No. 616 Squadron to serve as its commander until February 1942, at which time he took up a staff posting at No. 9 Group.[1]

Gray, pictured during his time in command of No. 81 Squadron

Returning to operations in September 1942, Gray, promoted to acting squadron leader, took over No. 64 Squadron, which operated over the English Channel and France. At the end of the year, he was posted to the Mediterranean theatre,[1] firstly to No. 333 Group[12] and then in January 1943, to command of No. 81 Squadron, based in Algeria, the first unit to fly the Spitfire Mk. IX in the Middle East. During his service with the squadron, he shot down a further eight aircraft to bring his personal tally to 22.[1] For his leadership and actions during this period, Gray was awarded the Distinguished Service Order.[12]

Gray was promoted to acting wing commander on 1 June 1943 and took over No. 322 Wing, which at the time was based on Malta. Conducting patrols over the Italian coast and supporting the Allied invasion of Sicily, he shot down a further five aircraft. His final kills came on 25 July 1943, when he shot down two Junkers Ju 52 transports.[1]

He was promoted to war substantive squadron leader on 1 September 1943.[14] Later that month, he returned to England for a rest from active duty.[1]

A second Bar to Gray's DFC was awarded in November 1943.[1] He returned to operational duty in England, with No. 9 Group.[12] In August 1944, he was appointed Wing Commander of the Lympne Wing, which carried out operations over France and the occupied Netherlands.[1] He did not increase his tally of kills and finished the war with 27 aerial kills, two shared destroyed, six probable kills, with a further four shared probables,[15] the top New Zealand fighter ace of the Second World War.[16]

Post-war

Gray returned to New Zealand on secondment to the Royal New Zealand Air Force from July 1945 to March 1946.[12] He was retroactively promoted to the permanent rank of flight lieutenant from 23 January 1943,[17] and received a retroactive promotion to temporary squadron leader from 1 July 1945.[18] He was promoted to the substantive rank of squadron leader on 1 September 1945.[19] Back in England after the end of his secondment, he was promoted to wing commander on 1 July 1947.[20] He served in the Air Ministry until 1949.[12] He then served in Washington, D.C. on the Joint Services Mission United States as an air liaison officer.[1] In 1954, after a period of time training in the Gloster Meteor, he commanded RAF Church Fenton in Yorkshire for two years,[12] during which he was promoted to group captain on 1 January 1955.[21] He was posted to HQ Far East Air Force in Singapore for three years before a return to the Air Ministry in 1959 and his subsequent retirement in March 1961.[12]

Later life

Gray returned to New Zealand to work for Unilever in Petone as its personnel director until 1979, at which time he retired. He settled in Waikanae and in his later years, he wrote Spitfire Patrol, an autobiography detailing his time in the RAF and which was published in 1990. He died in Kenepuru Hospital, Porirua, on 1 August 1995, survived by his wife, Betty, whom he had married in October 1945, and his four children and a stepdaughter.[1]

Notes
  1. Harrison, 2000, pp. 195–196
  2. "No. 34801". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 February 1940. p. 1178.
  3. Price, 1997, pp. 11–13
  4. Mason 1969, pp. 167–168.
  5. Goss 2000, pp. 21–22.
  6. Mason 1969, pp. 191.
  7. Mason 1969, p. 273.
  8. Bowyer 1984. p. 44.
  9. Bowyer 1984, p. 45.
  10. Foreman 2003, p. 182.
  11. "No. 34996". The London Gazette (Supplement). 19 November 1940. p. 6634.
  12. Haigh & Polaschek, 1993, p. 326
  13. "No. 35358". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 November 1941. p. 6779.
  14. "No. 36271". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 December 1943. p. 5286.
  15. Price, 1997, p. 64.
  16. McGibbon, 2000, p. 204
  17. "No. 37345". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 November 1945. p. 5521.
  18. "No. 37804". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 December 1946. p. 5908.
  19. "No. 37571". The London Gazette (Supplement). 21 May 1946. p. 2395.
  20. "No. 38020". The London Gazette (Supplement). 22 July 1947. p. 3419.
  21. "No. 40363". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 January 1955. p. 7361.
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References
  • Bowyer, Chaz (1984). Fighter Pilots of the RAF, 1939–1945. London: William Kimber & Co. ISBN 978-0-7183-0519-2.
  • Foreman, John (2003). RAF Fighter Command Victory Claims of World War Two: Part One, 1939–1940. Red Kite. ISBN 0-9538061-8-9.
  • Goss, Chris (2000). The Luftwaffe Bombers' Battle of Britain. Crecy Publishing. ISBN 978-0-947554-82-8.
  • Haigh, J. Bryant; Polaschek, A. J. (1993). New Zealand and The Distinguished Service Order. Christchurch, New Zealand: Privately published. ISBN 0-473-02406-3.
  • Harrison, Paul (2000). "Gray, Colin Falkland (1914–1995)". In Orange, Claudia (ed.). Dictionary of New Zealand Biography: Volume 5. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press. ISBN 1-86940-224-3.
  • Mason, Francis (1969). Battle Over Britain. London: McWhirter Twins. ISBN 978-0-901928-00-9.
  • McGibbon, Ian, ed. (2000). The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History. Auckland, New Zealand: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-558376-0.
  • Price, Alfred (1997). Spitfire Mark I/II Aces 1939–1941. Osprey Aircraft of the Aces. London: Osprey Publishing (UK). ISBN 1-85532-627-2.
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