Cold finger

A cold finger is a piece of laboratory equipment that is used to generate a localized cold surface. It is named for its resemblance to a finger and is a type of cold trap. The device usually consists of a chamber that a coolant fluid (cold tap water, or perhaps something colder) can enter and leave. Another version involves filling the device with a cold material (examples: ice, dry ice or a mixture such as dry ice/acetone or ice/water).[1]

Cold finger used in sublimation. The raw product (6) is in the bottom of the outer tube (4) which is heated (7) while under vacuum (through side-arm 3). The sublimated material collects (5) on the cold finger proper, cooled by a coolant (blue) circulated through ports 1 and 2.

Typically a cold finger is used in a sublimation apparatus,[2] or can be used as a compact version of a condenser in either reflux reaction or distillation apparatus. Many commercially available rotary evaporators can be purchased with a cold finger in place of a Dimroth condenser, for example. When used as a condenser in a rotary evaporator, cold fingers can be cooled to a lower temperature of −78 °C (dry ice), compared with water condensers that can be cooled to −40 °C (ethylene glycol/water mixture). The lower temperature achieved reduces the quantity of volatile material exhausted into the air.

Media
  • A cold finger which includes a vacuum outlet.
  • Camphor being sublimed. The crude product in the bottom is dark brown; the white purified product on the bottom of the cold finger above is hard to see against the light background.
  • Dark green crystals of nickelocene, freshly sublimed on a cold finger.
gollark: Hmm, or maybe TCP SPUDNET.
gollark: Websockets are perfect and without flaw, except that you generally need a somewhat complex library for them, even though most things ship with HTTP clients.
gollark: Which reminds me, maybe I ought to add a long polling mode.
gollark: If I had done that, would I say so instead of merely basking in the knowledge that those devices were, hypothetically, part of the PotatOS Computing Network™ and able to do arbitrary computation/networking tasks as required (via SPUDNET)?
gollark: But yes, I totally didn't* remotely install potatOS in place of the firmware on all your network accessible devices.

References
  1. Kenneth B. Wiberg (1960). Laboratory Technique in Organic Chemistry. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0070700958.
  2. Zubrick, James W. (2016). "Sublimation". The Organic Chem Lab Survival Manual: A Student's Guide to Techniques (10th Edition). United States of America: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 192–194. ISBN 978-1118875780.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.