Codex Martínez Compañón

The Codex Martínez Compañón (c.1782–1785), is a manuscript edited in nine volumes by the bishop of Trujillo, Peru, made by Baltasar Jaime Martínez Compañón, containing 1,411 watercolours and 20 musical scores documenting life in his diocese.[1][2] This work was sent to Charles IV of Spain, who included it in the Royal Library in 1803. The musical examples in the bishop's text were probably written out by Pedro José Solis, maestro de capilla of Trujillo Cathedral from 1781 to 1823.[3]

Baltasar Jaime Martínez Compañón

The 1,411 illustrations

The watercolour illustrations contain pictures of the life of the Indians, clothing, customs, and also extensive natural history.

selection of thumbnails of trees

The 20 musical examples
Trujillo Cathedral

The pieces are mainly short, 2 or 3 minutes each. The order here follows the K617 recording rather than Folio order:
1 Cachua: Al Nacimiento de Christo Nuestro Señor.
2 Tonada: La Brugita, de Guamachuco - i.e. Huamachuco, site of Augustinian missions.
3 Tonada: El Congo. - a 'negro' slave song, reflecting the use of African slaves in the workforce from 1660
4 Tonada: El Tuppamaro de Caxamarca.
5 Tonada del Chimo - i.e. of the Chimú culture, the only surviving song in the extinct Mochica language
6 Dance: Baile del Chimo. Folio 179 (instrumental)
7 Tonada: El diamante, de Chachapoias. Folio 187
8 Tonada: La Lata - "the can".
9 Tonada: La Selosa, del pueblo de Lambayeque - "the jealous woman".
10 Tonada: El Conejo.
11 Tonada: El Huicho, de Chachapoyas.
12 Dance: Bayle de danzantes con pifano y tamboril. (Instrumental)
13 Tonada: La Donosa.
14 Cachuyta de la montaña: "El Vuen Querer" - montaña indicates the lowland east of the mountains.
15 Cachua a duo y a quatro: Al Nacimiento de Christo Nuestro Señor.
16 Lanchas para baylar. Folio 186 - instrumental, the term lancha literally "flat boat, launch for dancing" indicates a dance for fiddle and continuo in quick 3/4 time, and is almost unique to the Codex
17 Tonada: El Tupamaro de Caxamarca.
18 Tonadilla: El Palomo, del pueblo de Lambayeque.
19 Cachua Serranita: El Huicho Nuebo, a Nuestra Señora del Carmen, de la ciudad de Trujillo. Otusco
20 Cachua: La Despedida, de Guamachuco - a cachua for leave-taking.

Recordings
  • selection - Al uso de nuestra tierra (In the style of our land) Música Temprana, Netherlands. Voice of Lyrics 2001, nla.
  • complete - Codex Martinez Companon, Capilla de Indias, Tiziana Palmiero, Conductor, K617. This is the first recording of the complete 20 pieces.
  • 2 selections - on Patricia Petibon recital Nouveau Monde Marcon DGG, 2012
  • complete - "Bailes, Tonadas & Cachuas", Songs and dances from Trujillo, Peru (18th century), Música Temprana, director: Adrián Rodríguez Van der Spoel, 2013. Deuss Music. COBRA0036.
  • selection - "Son de los diablos" Tonadas afro-hispanas del Peru - DIANA BARONI & Sapukai - Alpha Productions, Les Chants de la Terre 2003 - Alpha 507
gollark: ❗
gollark: Appearance/Basic Anatomy Their golden scales retain heat better than other dragons. The twin dorsal fins at their shoulders grow slowly. When first born, the golden scales are at their brightest and then dull over time. The dorsal and tail spines are not sharp. The underbelly has harder scales than the rest of the body. Three digits on each wing, with a small claw-like digit at the central joint. Eyes have slit pupils that are bright apple green. The tail is prehensile to a degree and helps steady movements.Hatchling Behavior Hatchlings are timid but curious. At a young age, scales start out sharp. When encountering other metallic dragons, Golds become very talkative. They can’t do much flying until the twin dorsal fins are long enough.Adult Behavior Can be persnickety at times. Absolutely love objects as shiny as they are. Being hunted for their lustrous scales has made them tend to avoid humans. Dislike direct sunlight when in groups. Highly intelligent compared to other breeds. Have studied humans to a small degree but are not particularly impresssed with them.Habitat Can be found near caves. Hatchlings tend not to stay where they are supposed to. Prefer dense wooded areas.Diet Primary diet of large game and pack animals. Are careful to avoid killing off entire herds. “Snack” on nuts, if available.
gollark: Gold what?
gollark: INdeed.
gollark: `his horse travelling with the speed of a thousand gazelles`

References
  1. Mémoire sur le Codex Martinez Compañon et son contexte, réalisé par une étudiante de l'E.N.M. de Villeurbanne
  2. ANNEXE contenant les facsimiles des partitions et quelques rééditions arrangées
  3. Music in Aztec & Inca Territory - Page 314 "The music, probably written out by some such professional aide as Pedro Jose Solis (chapelmaster of Trujillo Cathedral from March, 1781, to September, 1823 54), also breathes throughout a crudeness that confirms its commonplace origin."
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