Clouded salamander

The clouded salamander (Aneides ferreus) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the Pacific Northwest. Its natural habitat is temperate forests and it is probable that many nest in trees. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Not to be confused with Hynobius nebulosus.

Clouded salamander

Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Urodela
Family: Plethodontidae
Subfamily: Plethodontinae
Genus: Aneides
Species:
A. ferreus
Binomial name
Aneides ferreus
Cope, 1869

Description

The clouded salamander can grow to about 5 inches (130 mm) total length. It is long and slim with relatively long legs, square ends to its toes and a prehensile tail. It has two naso-labial grooves joining its nostrils to its mouth and sixteen costal grooves down its flank. The upper side is pale grey variously blotched with gold, olive green or dull red. The juvenile has a brass-colored streak down the center of its back.[1]

Distribution and habitat

The clouded salamander is found in the Cascadian bioregion of North America at heights up to 1,700 metres (5,600 ft). Its range extends from the Columbia River southwards through the Cascade Mountains, along the Oregon coast to the northern tip of California in Del Norte County. It lives in forested areas favoring moist areas with few trees rather than dry dense stands. It hides under logs and rocks, under loose bark, in rotting logs and in crevices in rock and scree. It particularly favors rotting Douglas fir logs. It is often common in newly cleared areas with tree stumps and debris.[1]

Biology

The clouded salamander feeds on small invertebrates, mainly woodlice, ants and beetles, but also include flies, termites, mites, centipedes, millipedes, spiders and pseudoscorpions. [2]

Breeding takes place in June and July with females laying clutches of nine to seventeen eggs, usually in chambers hollowed out in rotting logs. The larvae develop inside the eggs, emerging as juveniles in about two months, thus bypassing the free-living larval stage. One or both parents may provide care for the eggs before they hatch.[2]

Status

The clouded salamander is listed as "near threatened" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This is because numbers seem to be declining and this may be associated with changes in forest management. This salamander's favored microhabitat of tree stumps and coarse woody decaying debris are being replaced by changes in forestry practices. However, plans to conserve the spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) and the marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) may help to reduce the decline in numbers of clouded salamanders.[3]

gollark: 1. I'm lazy (though yes, admittedly, you probably are)2. It'd be slower to manually find the slot(s) with free space.
gollark: How about a table of slots moved into?
gollark: Can it? Huh.
gollark: Specific use case: Wyvern internally uses a quick method to search its index for free space - `#items < inventories[name].size()` on each inventory - manually searching slots would be slow and kind of annoying, so currently the index for a chest is just entirely updated whenever an item is inserted, which is slow.
gollark: <@237328509234708481> Could you make plethora item transfer (pushItem etc) return the slot moved to as well as the items moved?

References
  1. "Aneides ferreus - Clouded Salamander". CaliforniaHerps. Retrieved 2012-08-31.
  2. Staub, Nancy L.; Wake, David B. "Aneides ferreus". AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 2012-08-31.
  3. Hammerson, Geoffrey (2004). "Aneides ferreus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved 2012-08-31.
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