Clitocybe albirhiza

Clitocybe albirhiza is a species of agaric fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. It is found in high-elevation locations in the western United States.

Clitocybe albirhiza
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Agaricales
Family:
Tricholomataceae
Genus:
Clitocybe
Species:
C. albirhiza
Binomial name
Clitocybe albirhiza

Taxonomy

American mycologists Howard E. Bigelow and Alexander H. Smith first described the species officially in 1963, from specimens collected in June, 1954, near Payette Lake, Idaho.[1]

Description

The cap is initially convex before flattening and finally becoming funnel-shaped. Its color depends on its state of hydration: when dry, it is buff; when wet, it is cinnamon-buff to clay color. The gills have an adnate to decurrent attachment to the stipe and are closely spaced, sometimes with "veins" connected between them. Gills are roughly the same color as the cap, or paler. The stipe measures 3–8 cm (1.2–3.1 in) long by 0.5–2 cm (0.2–0.8 in) wide, and is either equal in width throughout, or tapers on either end. Initially stuffed with a cottony mycelium when young, it hollows in maturity. Colored similar to the cap, the stipe surface ranges from smooth to canescent (covered with a whitish-grey bloom) when wet, to fibrillose-striate when dry. The stipe base features a dense mass of whitish rhizomorphs embedded with needles and other forest debris. The flesh is mostly thin except for the disc (a circular region in the center of the cap). It has a slight to "disagreeable" odor and a "disagreeable and bitter" taste.[1] The mushroom is considered inedible.[2]

The spore print is white. spores are smooth and elliptical, with dimensions of 4.5–6 by 2.5–3.5 µm. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are typically two- or four-spored (rarely, one-spored) and measure 20–30 by 3.5–5 µm. The hymenium lacks cystidia. Clamp connections are present in the hyphae.[1]

Habitat and distribution

Fruit bodies of Clitocybe albirhiza grow scattered, in groups, or in clusters under spruce, or, occasionally, larch and pine. Found in the US states of Idaho,[1] Washington,[3] and Wyoming,[4] it is abundant in some high-elevation 5,000–10,000 ft (1,500–3,000 m) locations in the Rocky Mountains. It is referred to as a "snowbank mushroom" because fruit bodies typically appear around the edges of melting snowbanks.[5] Fruitings occur most frequently in June and early July, about the same time as snowmelt at the elevations in which the species occurs.[1] In the Cascade Mountains of Washington, C. albirhiza is one of the most common fungi growing on non-serpentine soil.[3]

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References
  1. Bigelow HE, Smith AH (1962). "Clitocybe species from the Western United States". Mycologia. 54 (5): 498–515. doi:10.2307/3756319. JSTOR 3756319.
  2. Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 63. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
  3. Maas JL, Stuntz DE (1969). "Mycoecology on serpentine soil". Mycologia. 61 (6): 1106–1116. doi:10.2307/3757496. JSTOR 3757496.
  4. Gabel A, Ebbert E, Lovett K (2004). "Macrofungi collected from the Black Hills of South Dakota and Bear Lodge Mountains of Wyoming". American Midland Naturalist. 152 (1): 43–62. doi:10.1674/0003-0031(2004)152[0043:mcftbh]2.0.co;2. JSTOR 3566643.
  5. Davis RM, Sommer R, Menge JA (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. University of California Press. pp. 145–146. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4.
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