Clear cell renal cell carcinoma
The Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC) is a type of renal cell carcinoma.
Genetics
Cytogenetics
- Alterations of chromosome 3p segments occurs in 70 – 90% of CCRCCs
- Inactivation of von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) gene by gene mutation and promoter hypermethylation
- Gain of chromosome 5q
- Loss of chromosomes 8p, 9p, and 14q
Histogenesis
CCRCC is derived from the proximal convoluted tubule.
Microscopy
Generally, the cells have a clear cytoplasm, are surrounded by a distinct cell membrane and contain round and uniform nuclei.
Epidemiology
- Most commonly affects male patients in their sixties and seventies.
- Majority of CCRCC arise sporadically.
- Only 2 – 4% of the cases presenting as part of an inherited cancer syndrome, such as von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.
Images
- Clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Macroscopy.
- Clear cell renal cell carcinoma. HE, x100.
- Clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Führman Grade = 1. HE, x400.
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gollark: The timeline is probably a few hundred years to run out of uranium.
gollark: *Technically* with a finite amount you'll eventually run out, but advancing technology should mean it would be easy to replace it anyway.
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gollark: We have enough for 70 years of current production available, and the many, many ways to get more or use existing stuff more efficiently have just been ignored because they aren't needed now.
References
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